Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Melanophryniscus moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Melanophryniscus > Species: Melanophryniscus moreirae

Atelopus moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 307. Syntypes: MNRJ 500 (according to Miranda-Ribeiro, 1955, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 408) and MZUSP 718 (according to Hoogmoed, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 68). Type locality: "Itatiaya", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Corrected to "Parque Nacional de Itatiaia . . . . planalto do Itatiaia a cerca de 2.400 metros de altitude" by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 14.

Dendrophryniscus moreirae — Ahl, 1938, Zool. Anz., 124: 158.

Atelopus moreirae massarti Cochran, 1948, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 24: 1. Holotype: IRSNB I.G. 9308. Reg. 57 (A), by original designation; subsequently reported as IRSNB 1.061 by Lang, 1990, Doc. Trav., Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg., 59: 6. Type locality: "Castanhal Grande near Obidos, Grâo Parâ, Brazil". Status rejected by Langone, 2006 "2005", Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp., 16: 59-61.

Atelopus moreirae moreirae — Cochran, 1948, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 24: 1.

Phryniscus stelzneri moreirae — Barth, 1957, Fauna do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia: 82.

Melanophryniscus moreirae — Gallardo, 1961, 1° Reunion Trab. Comun. Cienc. Nat. Geograf., Univ. Nac. Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina: 209.

English Names

Maldonado Redbelly Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 44).

Distribution

Coastal mountains of southern Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paul, and Rio de Janeiro), 1800-2400 m.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

In the Melanophryniscus moreirae group of Cruz and Caramaschi, 2003, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 500: 1-11. A strangely disjunct population from Óbidos, Pará, Brazil, was described as a subspecies by Cochran, 1948, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 24: 1-4. Bokermann, 1967, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 39: 301-306, doubted the correctness of this locality and assumed that the specimens came from Itatiaia. See account by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 2-4. Langone, 2006 "2005", Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp., 16: 59-61, discussed and rejected subspecies. Weber, Procaci, Salles, Corrêa, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2007, Check List, 3: 346-347, provided a record from Minas Gerais, as did Ortiz, Menezes, Abegg, Landroz, and Feio, 2017, Check List, 13(3: 2140): 1–3. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 612. Zank, Becker, Abadie, Baldo, and Maneyro, 2014, PLoS One, E 9(4: e94625): 1–11, provided modeled distribution maps for the species under climate change. Forti, Haddad, Leite, Drummond, Assis, Crivellari, Mello, Garcia, Zornosa-Torres, and Toledo, 2019, PeerJ, 7(e7612): 1–39, reported on advertisement call.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.