Physalaemus gracilis (Boulenger, 1883)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Physalaemus > Species: Physalaemus gracilis

Paludicola gracilis Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 11: 17. Syntypes: "numerous specimens, only one being adult" in BMNH, these being 1947.2.18.18–27 (formerly 1882.10.4.17–26) according to museum records. Type locality: "province of Rio Grande do Sul" and three specimens "without locality data", Brazil; emended to "provàvelment São Louenço", Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 79; restricted to "Taquara, Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil" by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195.

Paludicola ranina Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 186. Syntypes: Not designated; ANSP 11219–27, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 352. Type locality: "São João do Monte Negro", in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, according to Vanzolini, 1953, Copeia, 1953: 124–125. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1885, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 16: 298. Discussed by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588. 

Liuperus calcaratus Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 51. Types: MNHNC according to the original publication. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay. Considered a nomen dubium, likely in Paludicola by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 513. Synonymy by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 149. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588. 

Pleurodema montevidense Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 142. Syntypes: MNHNC (2 specimens) according to the original publication. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay. (Ambiguously, the name of the collector, Arrechavaleta, appears after "Montevideo" and can easily be mistaken as place name—DRF.) Considered a nomen dubium by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 500. Synonymy by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 150. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588. 

Paludicola calcarataNieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 505.

Physalaemus gracilisParker, 1927, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 20: 462.

English Names

Graceful Dwarf Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 83).

Distribution

Southern Brazil and Uruguay to adjacent northeastern Argentina, likely into southeastern Paraguay.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay

Likely/Controversially Present: Paraguay

Comment

In the Physalaemus gracilis group of Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2005, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 63: 310. See account by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 399–402, and brief account by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195–196. See comment under Physalaemus fischeri. Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 30, provided a brief account and photograph for the Uruguay population. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 25, noted that although this species probably occurs in Paraguay there are at present no voucher specimens to document it there. In the Physalaemus cuvieri clade, Physalaemus gracilis species group, of Lourenço, Targueta, Baldo, Nascimento, Garcia, Andrade, Haddad, and Recco-Pimentel, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 92: 204–216. Hepp and Pombal, 2020, Zootaxa, 4725: 1–106, discussed this species as part of a genus-wide discussion of bioacoustical traits among the species. 

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