Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leptodactylinae > Genus: Leptodactylus > Species: Leptodactylus validus

Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888 "1887", Bull. Essex Inst., 19: 14. Syntypes: MCZ 2185 (42 specimens, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 294), ANSP 19425 and 26108 (according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 353), and UMMZ 55761 (3 specimens; according to Peters, 1952, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 539: 19); MCZ 71920 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 21. See discussion by  de Sá, Grant, Camargo, Heyer, Ponssa, and Stanley, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9(Spec. Issue 1): 86–87, for the confusion surrounding lectotype designations. Type locality: "Kingston, St. Vincent", Lesser Antilles.

Leptodactylus pallidirostris Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 23: 1-20. Syntypes: AL-MNRJ; AL-MNRJ 1829 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 93. Type locality: "Kartarbo [= Kartabo]", Guyana. Synonymy by Yanek, Heyer, and de Sá, 2006, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 1: 192.

English Names

Windward Islands Ditchfrog (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14). 

Distribution

Lowlands of northeastern Colombia (llanos), Venezuela and the Guianas, and north-central Roraima, Brazil, and the continental islands of Tobago and Trinidad, from elevations of 0–360 m; introduced on the Lesser Antillean islands of St. Vincent, Bequia, and Grenada.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Introduced: Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus wagneri (where it had been placed by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 17) by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 102-104, who provided an account and considered it to be in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex. Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 89-90, provided a brief account. Leptodactylus pallidirostris was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus podicipinus (where it had been placed by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 22) by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 93, who provided an account and considered it to be in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 254-255, provided a brief account for Leptodactylus pallidirostris for French Guiana. Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 63-64, commented on distribution of Leptodactylus pallidirostrisin Venezuela. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 46, noted an undescribed species, related to Leptodactylus pallidirostris, in the vicinity of Merida, Venezuela, being described by others. Yanek, Heyer, and de Sá, 2006, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 1: 192-201, demonstrated that Leptodactylus pallidirostris is conspecific with Leptodactylus validus and suggested that the Lesser Antillean part of the range was due to human introduction. Daudin and de Silva, 2007, Appl. Herpetol., 4: 163-175, reported on island distribution in the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Camargo, Heyer, and de Sá, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 571-579, reported on molecular phylogeography. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 266-268.See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 427-428, for brief account and records for Guyana. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 94, summarized the natural history literature. In the Leptodactylus melanonotus species group of de Sá, Grant, Camargo, Heyer, Ponssa, and Stanley, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9(Spec. Issue 1): 1–123, and who provided a summary of relevant literature (adult and larval morphology, identification, advertisement call, and range) on p. 85–87. Acosta-Galvis and de Sá, 2018, ZooKeys, 737: 113–123, described the range in Colombia, discussed the call and life history and provided a range map for the entire species. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 97, for comments on range and literature. Carvalho, Fouquet, Lyra, Giaretta, Costa-Campos, Rodrigues, Haddad, and Ron, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (1: 2089269): 1–31, reported on the systematics, phylogenetics, and advertisement call. Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 1–17, discussed the species and rejected its presence in French Guiana as based on misidentifications. 

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