- What is Amphibian Species of the World?
- How to cite
- How to use
- Structure of the taxonomic records
- Running log of additions and corrections, 2024
- Logs of changes and additions, 2014–2023
- What is the right name?
- Curator's blog
- Amphibian Species of the World on social media
- History of the project, 1980 to 2024
- Comments on amphibian taxonomy relating to versions 3.0 to 6.2 (2004 to 2024)
- Scientific Nomenclature and its Discontents: Comments by Frost on Rules and Philosophy of Taxonomy, Ranks, and Their Applications
- Contributors, online editions
- Contributors and reviewers for Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (1985)
- Versions
- Museum abbreviations
- Links to useful amphibian systematic, conservation, collection management, informational, and/or regional sites
- Links to useful FREE library sites
- Copyright and terms of use
Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1904
Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1904, Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, 2: 210. Type species: Engystoma albopunctatum Boettger, 1885, by monotypy.
Nectodactylus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1924, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 1: 256. Type species: Nectodactylus spinulosus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1924, by monotypy. Synonymy by Parker, 1927, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 187: 2.
Syncope Walker, 1973, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 20: 1. Type species: Syncope antenori Walker, 1973, by original designation. Synonymy by Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, and Wheeler, 2014, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 386: 4. Treatment as a subgenus of Chiasmocleis by de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2018 "2019", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 130: 198.
Unicus de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 132: 321. Replacement name for Relictus de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2018 "2019". Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 213, explains why this name is invalid as well.
Relictus de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2018 "2019", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 130: 206. Type species: Chiasmocleis gnoma Canedo, Dixo, and Pombal, 2004. Preoccupied by Relictus (fish). Dubois, Frétey, and Ohler, 2018, Bionomina, 13: 41–64, noted that the name Relictus is unavailable due to not being diagnosed in the original publication and due to its preoccupation. Treatment as a subgenus of Chiasmocleis.
Relictocleis Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 212. Type species: Chiasmocleis gnoma Canedo, Dixo, and Pombal, 2004. Replacement name for Relictus and Unicus, both considered invalid (see above). Treatment as a subgenus of Chiasmocleis.
Relictocleis — Segalla, Berneck, Canedo, Caramaschi, Cruz, Garcia, Grant, Haddad, Lourenço, Mângia, Mott, Nascimento, Toledo, Werneck, and Langone, 2021, Herpetol. Brasil., 10: 126. Treatment as a genus.
English Names
Humming Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 88).
Silent Frogs (Syncope [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 93).
Distribution
Tropical South America, north and east of the Andes.
Comment
Dunn, 1949, Am. Mus. Novit., 1419: 5, included a key to the species then known. Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 187–190, compared three sympatric species. Walker and Duellman, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 26: 5, commented on the morphological heterogeneity encompassed in this nominal genus (see comment under Chiasmocleis anatipes). Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn, 1997, Alytes, 15: 49–71, discussed the systematics of the Brazilian representatives. Formerly in the New World component of Microhylinae; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 225, removed Chiasmocleis from any subfamily pending resolution of its phylogenetic placement. van der Meijden, Vences, Hoegg, Boistel, Channing, and Meyer, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 1017–1030, placed Chiasmocleis in their Gastrophryninae on the basis of DNA sequence data. Funk and Cannatella, 2009, Zootaxa, 2247: 37–50, provided a comparison of species from the western Amazon region. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested a basal position of Chiasmocleis in the Gastrophryninae. de Sá, Streicher, Sekonyela, Forlani, Loader, Greenbaum, Richards, and Haddad, 2012, BMC Evol. Biol., 12(241): 1–21, reported on the molecular phylogenetics of the group and found former Chiasmocleis as polyphyletic with some species imbedded within Syncope and another close to Elachistocleis; their remedy was to transfer a number of species to Syncope, and Elachistocleis, rendering Chiasmocleis monophyletic. Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, and Wheeler, 2014, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 386: 1–96, reported on the molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the species in Amazonia and on the basis of different analytical assumptions than de Sá et al. (2012) delimited five named clades (species groups). Forlani, Tonini, Cruz, Zaher, and de Sá, 2017, PeerJ, 5(e3005): 1–43, reported on molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the species. de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2018 "2019", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 130: 198–210, reported on the phylogenetics and biogeography of the species, coining a new subgeneric name (now treated as a genus), Relictus, for Chiasmocleis gnoma (now Relictocleis gnoma), and employing Syncope as Chiasmocleis as other subgenera, reflected in the species synonymies.
Contained taxa (37 sp.):
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For access to general information see Wikipedia
- For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
- For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist