Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Strongylopus merumontanus (Lönnberg, 1907)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Pyxicephalidae > Subfamily: Cacosterninae > Genus: Strongylopus > Species: Strongylopus merumontanus

Rana merumontana Lönnberg, 1907, in Sjöstedt (ed.), Wissenschaft. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. Exped. Kilimandjaro, 1(4): 21. Note that a preprint was distributed in 1907, although the overall volume did not appear until 1910. Holotype: Deposition not stated, although NHRM 1367, by museum records. Type locality: "Meru mountain 3,000 m. above the sea", Arusha, Tanzania.

Rana fülleborni Nieden, 1911 "1910", Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1910: 436. Holotype: ZMB. Type locality: "Kratersee des Ngosi-Vulkans, (Wentzel-Heckmannsee) 2700 m hoch nördlich von Langengesammelt und zu Ehren desselben benannt", Poroto Mountains, Tanzania. Synonymy by Loveridge, 1933, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74: 356 (as Rana fasciata merumontana), Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 346 (with Rana grayii), and (with Stronglylopus merumontana) by Channing and Davenport, 2002, Afr. J. Herpetol., 51: 140, and Channing, Schmitz, Zancolli, Conradie, and Rödel, 2022, Rev. Suisse Zool., 129: 243.

Rana (Ptychadena) merumontana — De Witte, 1921, Rev. Zool. Afr., 9: 7.

Rana (Ptychadena) fuelleborni — De Witte, 1921, Rev. Zool. Afr., 9: 7.

Rana fasciata merumontana — Barbour and Loveridge, 1928, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50: 197.

Rana fasciata fülleborni — Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 373.

Rana fasciata fuelleborni — Poynton, 1964, Senckenb. Biol., 45: 203.

Strongylopus fasciatus fuelleborni — Van Dijk, 1977, Zool. Afr., 12: 178; Channing, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 334.

Stronglylopus fuelleborni — Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 353.

Stronglylopus merumontanus — Channing and Davenport, 2002, Afr. J. Herpetol., 51: 140.

Strongylopus kitumbeine Channing and Davenport, 2002, Afr. J. Herpetol., 51: 137. Holotype: CAS 225064, by original designation. Type locality: "Kitumbeine Forest" on Kitumbeine Mountain, an extinct volcano in northern Tanzania. Synonymy by Channing, Schmitz, Zancolli, Conradie, and Rödel, 2022, Rev. Suisse Zool., 129: 243.

Strongylopus kilimanjaro Clarke and Poynton, 2005, Afr. J. Herpetol., 54: 54. Holotype: BMNH 1936.2.2.2, by original designation. Type locality: "Mt. Kilimanjaro . . ., at an altitude of 3230 m (10 600 feet)". Synonymy by Channing, Schmitz, Zancolli, Conradie, and Rödel, 2022, Rev. Suisse Zool., 129: 243.

English Names

Mount Meru Stream Frog (Stronglylopus merumontanus: Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 326; Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 360).

Long-toed Grass Frog (Stronglylopus fuelleborni [no longer recognized]: Stewart and Wilson, 1966, Ann. Natal Mus., 18: 299).

Fülleborn's Stream Frog (Stronglylopus fuelleborni [no longer recognized]: Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 353).

Kitumbeine Stream Frog (Strongylopus kitumbeine [no longer recognized]: Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 325).

Kilimanjaro Stream Frog (Strongylopus kilimanjaro [no longer recognized]: Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 360).

Distribution

Highlands of northern Tanzania (Mount Meru, Mount Kilimanjaro, West Usambaras, Ulugurus, Rubehos, Udzungwas, Southern Highlands including Mount Rungwe, and Ufipa Plateau), and south in isolated highlands to those in Malawi (Misuku Hills, Nyika Plateau, Zomba Plateau, and Shire Highlands, including Lake Rukwa and Lake Malawi), northeastern Zambia, and northern Mozambique (Mount Namuli, Zambezia Province, and Mount M'paluwe, 1500–3000 m elevation, and northern Moza).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia

Likely/Controversially Present: Kenya

Comment

See account (as Strongylopus fuelleborni) by Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 354–355, who removed it from the synonymy of Strongylopus grayii where it had been placed by Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 346. See Channing and Davenport, 2002, Afr. J. Herpetol., 51: 140 (as Strongylopus merumontana), for discussion of systematics and history of taxonomy and Poynton, 2004, Afr. J. Herpetol., 53: 29–34 (as Strongylopus merumontana), for discussion of systematics and taxonomy. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 326–328, provided accounts (as Strongylopus merumontana and Strongylopus fuelleborni). See account by Pickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 92–94 (as Strongylopus fuelleborni). See photographs, maps, descriptions of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Strongylopus merumontana and Strongylopus kitumbeine) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 515 (as Strongylopus merumontana). Harper, Measey, Patrick, Menegon, and Vonesh, 2010, Field Guide Amph. E. Arc Mts. Tanzania and Kenya: 282–283, provided a brief account (as Strongylopus fuelleborni) and photograph. Mercurio, 2011, Amph. Malawi: 291, provided an account (as Strongylopus merumontana) for Malawi. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 350–352, provided information (as Strongylopus fuelleborni) on comparative larval morphology. Conradie, Bittencourt-Silva, Engelbrecht, Loader, Menegon, Nanvonamuquitxo, Scott, and Tolley, 2016, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 92: 163–180, reported a population (as Strongylopus fuelleborni) from Mounts Mabu and Namuli, Zambezia Province, Mozambique. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 360–361, provided brief accounts (as Strongylopus merumontana, Strongylopus kilamanjaro, and Strongylopus kitumbeine), photographs, and range maps. Channing, Schmitz, Zancolli, Conradie, and Rödel, 2022, Rev. Suisse Zool., 129: 243–281, reported on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, distribution, and advertisement call.

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.