Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Hynobiidae > Subfamily: Hynobiinae > Genus: Hynobius > Species: Hynobius lichenatus

Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 12: 165. Holotype: BMNH 1946.9.6.49 (formerly 1883.8.23.l) according to Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 10, and museum records. Type locality: "Awomori" [= Aomori], Honshu Island, Japan.

Hynobius echigoensis Shibata, 1930, Amoeba, Tokyo, 4: 14–25. Holotype: XXX. Type locality: XXX. Synonymy by Okada, 1937, Saito Ho-on Kwai Mus. Res. Bull., 12: 180.

Hynobius unnangso Tago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 121. Holotype: TIU. Type locality: Iwane Mura, Adachi County, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Synonymy by Inukai in Okada, 1937, Saito Ho-on Kwai Mus. Res. Bull., 12: 180.

Hynobius unnaugso Tago, 1931, Imori to Sanshio-uo: 35. Incorrect original spelling.

Hynobius longimanus Lantz, 1931, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 7: 178. Syntypes: BMNH 1946.9.6.51–52 (formerly 1931.8.7.8–9), according to Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 11, and museum records. Type locality: "Tochio, near Nagaoka, Nilgata-Ken, Hondo [=Honshu], Japan". Synonymy (with Hynobius unnangso) by Okada, 1934, Copeia, 1934: 17, and with Hynobius lichenatus by Okada, 1937, Saito Ho-on Kwai Mus. Res. Bull., 12: 180.

Hynobius (Hynobius) lichenatusNakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 9. Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

English Names

Aomori Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 28).

Tohuko Salamander (Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 16).

Northeastern Salamander (Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 74). 

Distribution

Northern part of Honshu I., Japan, in the prefectures of Aomori, Akita, Miyagi, Iwate, Yamagata, Fukushima, Niigata, Gunma, Tochigi, and Ibaragi), 0–1500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

In the Hynobius lichenatus group. See Matsui, 1980, Japan. J. Herpetol., 8: 103–111, and Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 61–64, for discussion. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 16–18, provided an account, map, and photograph. Aoki, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2013, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 30: 167–173, reported on mtDNA phylogeography. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 68, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 74–76, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 96–98, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including polygon maps).  

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