Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Boana pugnax (Schmidt, 1857)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Boana > Species: Boana pugnax

Hyla pugnax Schmidt, 1857, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 24: 11. Holotype: KM 1009, according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 49. Type locality: "Chiriquiflusse unweit Bocca del toro", Panama (in error according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 49.)

Hypsiboas pugnax — Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 200; Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 87.

Boana pugnax — Dubois, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 28.

English Names

Chirique-Flusse Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 57).

Distribution

Central Panama, Caribbean lowlands and valleys of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena, as well as the upper Amazon drainage in central Colombia and western Venezuela, and northern Venezuela in the Caribbean lowlands of the Maracaibo Lake Basin and the llanos in the drainage of the Río Orinoco, sea level to 500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Panama, Venezuela

Comment

Resurrected from the synonymy of Hyla crepitans by Kluge, 1979, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 688: 11, where it had been placed by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 212; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 352. Also described as new by Schmidt, 1858, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 14: 243. See account by Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 861-862. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2001, Caldasia, 23: 491–507, discussed the Colombian range of the species. In the Hypsiboas faber group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 87. Armesto Sanguino, Esteban, and Torrado, 2009 "2008", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 5: 57-63, reported this species in Norte de Santander, northeastern Colombia. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 232–235, provided a brief summary of natural history for the species of Hypsiboas in Central America and provided a range map and photograph for this species. Méndez-Narváez, Ortiz-Navia, and Bolívar-García, 2014, Check List, 10: 409–410, reported the species in the Cauca Valley in the Departamento de Valle de Cauca, Colombia. Palacio Baena, Muñoz Escobar, Gallo Delgado, and Rivera-Correa, 2006, Anfibios y Reptiles del Valle de Aburrá: 75–77, provided a brief account and photograph. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2011, Caldasia, 33: 235–270, illustrated the tadpole and included the species in a key to the tadpoles of Amazonian Colombia. Escalona Sulbarán, Prieto-Torres, and Rojas-Runjaic, 2017, Check List, 13(5): 671–681, provided new records for Venezuela and mapped the entire range in Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. Ovalle-Pacheco, Camacho-Rozo, and Arroyo, 2019, Check List, 15: 396, reported the species from Boyacá, Colombia, and commented on the range in Colombia. Escalona Sulbarán, Juncá, Giaretta, Crawford, and La Marca, 2019, Zootaxa, 4609: 519–547, reported on calls, DNA, and morphology in western Venezuela and the Guianas. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 65, for comments on range, systematics, and literature.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.