Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudis limellum (Cope, 1862)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Pseudis > Species: Pseudis limellum

Lysapsus limellum Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 155. Holotype: "Mus. Smithsonian [USNM] (No. 5495)"; now lost according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 197. Type locality: "Paraguay. Taken on _____ river". Corrected to Río Curumba, Paraguay [= Corumbá, on Rio Paraguai, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil] by Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 351.

Hyla quadrilineata Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 262. Nomen nudum. Coined as a synonym of Lysapsus limellum and attributed to Natterer.

Podonectes palmatus Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 262. Nomen nudum provided originally as a synonym of Pseudis minuta and attributed to Fitzinger. (Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 194, placed Podonectes palmatus in the synonymy of Lysapsus limellum based on examination of Steindachner's illustrations, specimens of Lysapsus limellum Cope, which must be considered to be types.)

Lisapsus limellum — Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 50. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Pseudis limellum — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 187; Berg, 1896, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 5: 161; Aguiar, Bacci, Lima, Rossa-Feres, Haddad, and Recco-Pimentel, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 462; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5:440; Caballero-Gini, Brusquetti, Bueno-Villafañe, Quinteros-Muñoz, Jairam, Rodrigues, Haddad, Fernández Ríos, and Baldo, 2024, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 202: 1–13.

Lysapsus limellus — Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 194; Incorrect subsequent spelling of the species name, a noun in apposition.

Lysapsus limellus limellus — Gallardo, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 125: 126.

Common Names

Uruguay Harlequin Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 97).

Distribution

Extreme northwestern Uruguay, Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia, and northern Argentina, and throughout the Paraná and Amazon River basins of Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

Comment

Tadpole morphology described by Kehr and Basso, 1990, Copeia, 1990: 573–575. See comment by De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 51-52, who discussed taxonomic confusion in Bolivia and the likelihood of this nominal species being a composite. Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 36, provided a brief account and photograph for the Uruguay population. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 10, briefly discussed the range in Paraguay. Vera Candioti, 2007, Zootaxa, 1600: 1–175, reported on detailed larval morphology. Garda, Santana, and São Pedro, 2010, Zootaxa, 2666: 1-28, reported on morphology, morphometrics, and range of the species in Brazil, including a dot map. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range; presumably these specimens have been reidentified. Santana, Queiroz, Wanderley, São Pedro, Leite, and Garda, 2013, Amphibia-Reptilia, 34: 201–215, reported on tadpole morphology and advertisement call. Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 69, provided a brief account, image, and dot map for Paraguay. Affonso, Cafofo, Delariva, Karling, and Lourenço-de-Moraes, 2014, Check List, 10: 878–882, provided a record for the state of Paraná, Brazil. See account by Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira, 2019, in Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira (eds.), Libro Rojo Anf. Rept. Uruguay: 59–63, for Uruguay. Laufer, Gobel, Kacevas, Lado, Cortizas, Carabio, Arrieta, Prigioni, Borteiro, and Kolenc, 2021, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 15 (2: e290): 228–237, provided new records for Uruguay and discussed conservation status. Caballero-Gini, Brusquetti, Bueno-Villafañe, Quinteros-Muñoz, Jairam, Rodrigues, Haddad, Fernández Ríos, and Baldo, 2024, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 202: 1–13, reported on molecular phylogenetics, placed this species in their Pseudis limellum clade, and provided a polygon range map.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.