Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Scinaxinae Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Scinaxinae

144 species

Scinaxinae Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 25. Type genus: Scinax Wagler, 1830.

Sphaenorhynchini Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 25. Type genus: Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838. Tribe to contain solely Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838.

Scinaxini — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 194. Tribe.

Scinaxina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 194. Subtribe.

Sphaenorhynchina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 194. Subtribe.

Nomina inquirenda - Name(s) unassigned to a living or extinct population

Hyla nigra Cope, 1887, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 24: 47. Holotype: ANSP 11269, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 352. Type locality: "at or near . . . . Chupada [= Chapada dos Guimarães], thirty miles north-east of Cuyabá, and near the headwaters of the Xingu, an important tributary of the Amazon", Mato Grosso, Brazil. Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 57, considered it a synonym of Hyla geographica. Synonymy with Hyla x-signata nasica by Duellman, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 27: 14. Removed from the synonymy of Scinax nasicus by Araujo-Vieira, Valdujo, and Faivovich, 2016, Zootaxa, 4061: 271, and considered a nomen dubium.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Mostly South America from Uruguay, northern Argentina, and northwestern Peru northward through Central America to southern and eastern Mexico; Islands of Tobago, Trinidad, and Saint Lucia.

Comment

See comments under Hylidae and Hylinae for access to relevant literature. Pereira Silva, Ceron, Silva, and Santana, 2022, Ecol. Evol., 12(e8754): 1–15, reported on phylogenetics and biogeography of the tribe Sphaenorhynchini.

Contained taxa (144 sp.):

Gabohyla Araujo-Vieira, Luna, Caramaschi, and Haddad, 2020 (1 sp.)

Scinax Wagler, 1830 (129 sp.)

Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838 (14 sp.)

External links:

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