Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Indosylvirana Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Indosylvirana

13 species

Indosylvirana Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 188. Type species: Rana flavescens Jerdon, 1853.

Bijurana Chandramouli, Hamidy, and Amarasinghe, 2020, Taprobanica, 9: 126. Type species: Hylorana nicobariensis Stoliczka, 1870. Synonymy by Chan, Abraham, Sanguila, and Brown, 2020, Zootaxa, 4877: 599.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

India and Sri Lanka; Palawan Island and Sulu Archipelago (Philippines); Bali to Peninsular Thailand including Sumatra and Borneo (Malaysia, Indonesia, and likely to be found in Brunei); Nicobar Islands (Car Nicobar, Tillangchong, Tarasa, Katchal, Camorta, Nancowry, Pilo Milo, Little Nicobar, and Great Nicobar).

Comment

See comment under Hylarana for access to relevant revisionary literature. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 423, recovered Indosylvirana as polyphyletic with two species forming a near-basal monophyletic group within the hylaranines, Indosylvirana aurantiaca + Indosylvirana temporalis, and another species, Indosylvirana nicobariensis, about midway up the spine of the hylaranine tree. Whether this is due to alignment problems in the overall analysis (DRF's guess) of real polyphyly is at this juncture unknown. Nevertheless, the authors placed all genera of hylarainines other than Abavorana into the synonymy of Hylarana on the basis of their recovery of widespread non-monophyly of genera.

Contained taxa (13 sp.):

Indosylvirana aurantiaca (Boulenger, 1904)

Indosylvirana caesari (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana doni (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana flavescens (Jerdon, 1853)

Indosylvirana indica (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana intermedia (Rao, 1937)

Indosylvirana magna (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana montana (Rao, 1922)

Indosylvirana nicobariensis (Stoliczka, 1870)

Indosylvirana serendipi (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana sreeni (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Meegaskumbura, 2014)

Indosylvirana temporalis (Günther, 1864)

Indosylvirana urbis (Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Senevirathne, and Megaskumbura, 2014)

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist