Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Craugastoridae
872 species

Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 1. Type genus: Craugastor Cope, 1862, by original designation.

Craugastorinae — Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 565.

Strabomantidae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 95. Type genus: Strabomantis Peters, 1863, by original designation. Synonymy by Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 546; Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 52. 

Strabomantinae — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 103. 

English Names

Fleshbelly Frogs (Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 274). 

Flesh-bellied Frogs (Lemos-Espinal and Dixon, 2016, Amph. Rept. Hidalgo: 359).

South American Landfrogs ([Strabomantidae, no longer recognized]: Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 15). 

Distribution

Southern Arizona to central Texas (USA) and Mexico south through tropical and subtropical habitats through Colombia and Veneuzela to the Guianas; south through Ecuador, Andean and Amazonian Peru and Bolivia and the Amazon drainage of Brazil, south along the eastern slopes of the Andes to northeastern Argentina; Atlantic coastal forest of southeastern Brazil.

Comment

Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 1–182, provided an extensive systematic discussion of this taxon and its relationship to other former subtaxa of Brachycephaloidea (= Terrarana, an unranked taxon above-family-group, in their nomenclature). Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, provided a much larger analysis in terms of the number of species, but used a slightly smaller amount of data for the species used by Hedges et al., 2008, for the backbone of their analysis. The results are somewhat at odds with each other, with Pyron and Wiens, 2011, finding Strabomantidae to be nonmonophyletic and with former Craugastoridae (now Craugastorinae) imbedded within it and for this reason they placed the fragmented elements of Strabomantidae within Craugastoridae. Blackburn and Wake, 2011, In Zhang (ed.), Zootaxa, 3148: 39–55, briefly reviewed the nomenclatural history of this family-group taxon to that point in time, and retained the earlier delimitation of Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae. Fouquet, Loebmann, Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, Orrico, Lyra, Roberto, Kok, Haddad, and Rodrigues, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 65: 547–561, suggested that Craugastoridae in the sense of Hedges et al., 2008, was monophyletic, albeit on the basis of less dense taxon sampling than by Pyron and Wiens, 2011. Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 317–578, provided identification keys and accounts for the species in Guyana. Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 1–382, provided identification keys and accounts for the species found in Peru (as Strabomantidae). Taboada, Grant, Lynch, and Faivovich, 2013, Herpetologica, 69: 342–357, provided morphological synapomorphies for the Brachycephaloidea (= Terraranas) but could not find them for the contained Brachycephalidae, Craugastoridae, and Eleutherodactylidae. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 140–191, provided a key to the genera and species of Brachycephaloides (= Craugastoridae, Eleutherodactylidae) in Central America and provided maps and photographs of the species. Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 1–132, reformulated the systematics of the group and revised the subfamilies, subgenera, and species series and groups reflected in the records below. Streicher, Miller, Guerrero, Correa-Quezada, Ortiz, Crawford, Pie, and Wiens, 2018, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 119: 128–143, reported on a molecular study of hyloid frogs, finding Brachycephalidae to be the sister taxon of Eleutherodactylidae + Craugastoridae, and part of a large monophyletic group composed of Brachycephaloidea, Allophrynidae, Centrolenidae, Dendrobatoideak Leptodactylidae, Odontophrynidae, and Bufonidae, which they termed Coummutabirana. 

Contained taxa (872 sp.):

Ceuthomantinae Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch, and Hedges, 2009 (579 sp.)
Craugastorinae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (139 sp.)
Holoadeninae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008 (154 sp.)

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