Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sarcohyla Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Sarcohyla

26 species

Sarcohyla Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 18. Type species: Cauphias crassus Brocchi, 1877.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Montane Mexico from Durango and Nayarit in the west and San Luis Potosí in the east south to Guerrero, Mexico, primarily in pristine habitats along streams in pine-oak woodland, generally rom 1500 to 3100 m elevation.

Comment

Caldwell, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 28: 1–37, defined and discussed the Hyla bistincta group. Toal and Mendelson, 1995, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 174: 1-20, provided a key to the Hyla bistincta group. The former Hyla bistincta group has long asserted to be monophyletic, but as yet no one has presented evidence for this except based on a small subset of the included taxa. Kaplan, Heimes, Zarza, and McCormack, 2016, Caldasia, 38: 257–273, noted that of the species not addressed in the molecular analysis of Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 1–109, four species do not share the morphological synapomorphy of thick skin suggested by Duellman et al. to diagnose their Sarcohyla (the old Hyla bistincta group) plus Plectrohyla (sensu stricto). The species with thin skin are Sarcohyla charadricola, Sarcohyla chryses, Sarcohyla sabrina, and Sarcohyla thorectes, which, were there no contrary evidence would suggest that they reside outside of the group composed of the remaining Sarcohyla + Plectrohyla. However, Kaplan et al. provided a very weakly supported ML tree of 421 bp of cytb, that at least one of these thin-skinned species, Sarcohyla chryses is most closely related to a thick-skinned species, Sarcohyla mykter. Caviedes-Solis and Nieto-Montes de Oca, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 118: 184–193, provided a multilocus phylogeny of the species of Sarcohyla, finding it monophyletic, although not able to include seven of the species in the analysis, of which 5 are in the thick-skinned group (Sarcohyla calvicollina, Sarcohyla cyanomma, Sarcohyla labedactyla, Sarcohyla pachyderma, and Sarcohyla psarosema) and 2 are in the thin-skinned group (Sarcohyla charadricola and Sarcohyla sabrina. Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 13–14, discussed the monophyly of this taxon and suggested that it is tentative. Zarza, Connors, Maley, Tsai, Heimes, Kaplan, and McCormack, 2018, PeerJ, 6(e6045): 1–25, reported on cryptic lineages within Sarcohyla.

Contained taxa (26 sp.):

Sarcohyla ameibothalame (Canseco-Márquez, Mendelson, and Gutiérrez-Mayén, 2002)

Sarcohyla arborescandens (Taylor, 1939)

Sarcohyla bistincta (Cope, 1877)

Sarcohyla calvicollina (Toal, 1994)

Sarcohyla celata (Toal and Mendelson, 1995)

Sarcohyla cembra (Caldwell, 1974)

Sarcohyla charadricola (Duellman, 1964)

Sarcohyla chryses (Adler, 1965)

Sarcohyla crassa (Brocchi, 1877)

Sarcohyla cyanomma (Caldwell, 1974)

Sarcohyla cyclada (Campbell and Duellman, 2000)

Sarcohyla floresi Kaplan, Heimes, and Aguilar, 2020

Sarcohyla hapsa Campbell, Brodie, Caviedes-Solis, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Luja, Flores-Villela, García-Vázquez, Sarker, and Wostl, 2018

Sarcohyla hazelae (Taylor, 1940)

Sarcohyla labeculata (Shannon, 1951)

Sarcohyla labedactyla (Mendelson and Toal, 1996)

Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis (Meik, Smith, Canseco-Márquez, and Campbell, 2006)

Sarcohyla mykter (Adler and Dennis, 1972)

Sarcohyla pachyderma (Taylor, 1942)

Sarcohyla pentheter (Adler, 1965)

Sarcohyla psarosema (Campbell and Duellman, 2000)

Sarcohyla robertsorum (Taylor, 1940)

Sarcohyla sabrina (Caldwell, 1974)

Sarcohyla siopela (Duellman, 1968)

Sarcohyla thorectes (Adler, 1965)

Sarcohyla toyota Grünwald, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, and Jones, 2019

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