Pelophylax porosus (Cope, 1868)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Pelophylax > Species: Pelophylax porosus

Tomopterna porosa Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 139. Syntypes: MCZ 305 (3 specimens), by original designation; renumbered MCZ 1611 (3 specimens), according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 351. Type locality: "Kanagawa, [Honshu,] Japan".

Rana porosaBoulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 40.

Rana nigromaculata brevipoda Ito, 1941, Nagoya Seibutsugakkai Kiroku, 8: 77. Types: Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: Not designated; stated to be Nagoya [Honshu, Japan]; Shikatsumura, Nishi-kasugai-gun, Aichi [Honshu, Japan] by Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46. Synonymy by Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46, and Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425.

Rana brevipoda brevipodaKawamura, 1962, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., B—Zool., 20: 187.

Rana brevipoda porosaKawamura, 1962, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., B—Zool., 20: 187.

Rana (Rana) brevipodaNakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46.

Rana brevipodaOkada, 1966, Fauna Japon., Anura: 60-62. Kashiwagi, 1994, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13: 245.

Rana porosa porosaMatsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425.

Rana porosa brevipodaMatsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425. Maeda, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan: 91.

Rana (Rana) porosaDubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 41, by implication.

Rana (Rana) porosa porosaMaeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88).

Rana (Rana) porosa brevipodaMaeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88).

Rana (Pelophylax) porosaDubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 332.

Hylarana porosaChen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication.

Pelophylax porosusFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369. Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1-13; by implication.

English Names

Kanagawa Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 109).

Tokyo Daruma Pond Frog (Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 91).

Tokyo Dharma Pond Frog (Rana porosa porosa: Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86).

Dharma Pond Frog (Rana porosa brevipoda: Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86).

Daruma Pond Frog (Rana porosa brevipoda: Khonsue, Matsui, and Misawa, 2002, Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 259).

Distribution

Central and south-central Honshu and northeastern Shikoku, Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425, and Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46-47, noted that Rana porosa is a senior synonym of Rana brevipoda Ito, 1941. See Okada, 1966, Fauna Japon., Anura: 60-62, for review (as Rana brevipoda). If Pelophylax porosus (sensu stricto) originated by introgressive hybridization with Pelophylax nigromaculatus (see Kawamura and Nishioka, 1977, in Taylor and Guttman (eds.), Reprod. Biol. Amph.: 124-125, Nishioka and Sumida, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 71-108, and Nishioka, Sumida, Borkin, and Wu, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 109-160) the nomenclature of this species is not clear. See also Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423. Ueda, 1994, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13: 197-232, and Sumida, Ogata, Kaneda, and Yonekawa, 1998, Genes Genet. Syst., 73: 121-133, provided evidence of, respectively, the call and genetic distinctiveness of Rana porosus and Rana brevipoda, although they treated these taxa as subspecies of Rana porosa. Nishioka, Sumida, and Ohtani, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 1-70, reported on allozyme variation within Japan. Matsui and Wilkinson, 1992, J. Herpetol., 26: 9-16, discussed allozyme variation. Highton, 2000, in Bruce et al., Biol. Plethodontid Salamanders: 235, discussed previously published allozyme evidence and suggested that Pelophylax porosus brevipoda is not conspecific with Pelophylax porosus and covers at least two species. Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88-95, provided accounts. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86-90, provided account, maps, and photograph. Itoh, 2017, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 36: 135–141, provided information on female vocalizations of Pelophylax porosus brevipodusKuramoto, 1977, J. Herpetol., 11: 249–254, reported on advertisement call (as Rana brevipoda) in Japan. 

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