Pleurodelinae Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
125 species

Tritonidae Boie, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 363. Type genus: Triton Laurenti, 1768.

Tritones Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 26. Type genus: Triton Laurenti, 1768.

Tritonides Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 26. Type genus: Triton Laurenti, 1768.

Pleurodeles Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 26. Type genus: Pleurodeles Michahelles, 1830.

Pleurodelina Bonaparte, 1839, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 26): unnumbered; Bonaparte, 1840, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, 4: 11. Type genus: Pleurodeles Michahelles, 1830.

PleurodelaeFitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33. Subsequent usage of "Pleurodelae Tschud."

TritoninesBronn, 1849, Handb. Geschich. Natur, 5: 683. Pleurodelidae—Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p.

PleurodelinaBonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p.

Bradybatina Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p. Type genus: Bradybates Tschudi, 1838. Synonymy by XXX.

Tritonina Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p. Type genus: Triton Laurenti, 1768 (= Triturus Rafinesque, 1815).  

Geotritonidae Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p. Type genus: Geotriton Bonaparte, 1832 (= Triturus Rafinesque, 1815).

GeotritoninaBonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p.

Molgidae Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 14. Type genus: Molge Merrem, 1820.

PleurodeliniMassalongo, 1853, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, Ser. 3, 7: 11.

Pleurodelidae — Hallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 10.

SeiranotidaeHallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 10; Hallowell, 1858, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 3: 337.

TritonidaeHallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 10.

TritonidiAcloque, 1900, Fauna de France, 1: 491.

Triturinae Brame, 1957, List World’s Recent Caudata: 9. Type genus: Triturus Rafinesque, 1815. Unavailable name due to being distributed by mimeograph.

Voigtiellinae Brame, 1958, List World’s Fossil Caudata: 4. Type Genus: Voigtiella Herre, 1949. Unavailable name due to being distributed by mimeograph.

Triturinae Kuhn, 1965, Die Amphib.: 37. Type genus: Triturus Rafinesque, 1815. Attributed to Brame, 1957.

Pleurodelinae Risch, 1985, J. Bengal Nat. Hist. Soc., N.S.,, 4: 139–143; Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 42.

MolginiDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 44. Explicit tribe.

MolginaDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 44. Explicit subtribe.

MolgitaDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 44. Explicit infratribe.

CynopitaDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 44. Explicit infratribe.

EuproctitaDubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 44. Explicit infratribe.

Tarichina Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 57. Type genus: Taricha Gray, 1850. Explicit subtribe.

Pleurodelini — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 150. Explicit tribe. 

Euproctina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 289. Infratribe. 

Molginia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 290. Infratribe. 

Cynopites — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 290. Clan. 

Hypselotritonites Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 290. Type genus: Hypselotriton Wolterstorff, 1934. Clan. 

Pachytritonites Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 290. Type genus: Pachytriton Boulenger, 1878. Clan. 

Ichthyosaurinoa Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 291. Type genus: Ichthyosaura Sonnini and Ltreille, 1801. Hypotribe. 

Lissotritoninoa Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 291. Type genus: Lissotriton Bell, 1839. Hypotribe. 

Molginoa — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 291. Hypotribe. 

Molgites — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 291. Clan. 

Neurergites Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 291. Type genus: Neurergus Cope, 1862. 

Tarichina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 292. Subtribe. 

Pleurodelina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 292. Subtribe. 

Tylototritonina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 292. Type genus: Tylototriton Anderson, 1871. Subtribe. 

Echinotritoninia Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 292. Type genus: Echinotriton Nussbaum and Brodie, 1982. 

Tylototritoninia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 293. Infratribe. 

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

From the British Isles and Scandinavia eastward to the Ural Mountains, southward into the Iberian Peninsula and Asia Minor; north-central India and China to northern Vietnam; extreme northwestern Africa; southern Canada and the USA to extreme northern Mexico.

Comment

Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 42, redelimited Pleurodelinae to exclude Salamandrininae; see comments under Salamandridae. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, on the basis of a study of legacy DNA sequences suggested a phylogenetic arrangment (based on a Maximum Likelihood tree) of the genera: (((Pleurodeles + (Tylototriton + Echinotriton)) + ((Notophthalmus + Taricha)) + (Lissotriton + (((Triturus + Calotriton) + (Ommatotriton + Neurergus)) + (Euproctus + (Ichthyosaura + (Laotriton + (Pachytriton + (Paramesotriton + Cynops))))))))). Chen, Wang, Liu, Xie, and Jiang, 2011, Curr. Zool., Chengdu, 57: 785–805, on the basis of 11 protein-coding mtDNA genes, suggested a considerably different topology, with a taxon composed of Pleurodeles, Echinotriton, and Tylototriton forming the sister taxon of all other pleurodelines. Urošević, Ajduković, Arntzen, and Ivanović, 2020, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 58: 1206–1219, reported on discussed evolution of developmental integration and evolution of modularity in the head through the first and second trunk vertebrae within this group. Rancilhac, Irisarri, Angelini, Arntzen, Babik, Bossuyt, Künzel, Lüddecke, Pasmans, Sanchez, Weisrock, Veith, Wielstra, Steinfartz, Hofreiter, Philippe, and Vences, 2021, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 155 (106967): 1–14, presented molecular evidence that Salamandrininae is the sister taxon of Salamandrinae, to the exclusion of Pleurodelinae, as well as suggesting ancient mitochondrial capture from Lissotriton into Ichthyosaura, Triturus into Calotriton, and Triturus into LissotritonYuan, Wu, Yan, Murphy, Papenfuss, Wake, Zhang, and Che, 2022, Zool. Res., Kunming, 43: 706–718, provided large molecular-based biogeographic studies of Paramesotriton, Cynops, and Pachytriton and discussed shared patterns. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 264–476, provided species accounts for all species, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). 

Contained taxa (125 sp.):

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