Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptopelinae Laurent, 1972

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Arthroleptidae > Subfamily: Leptopelinae

56 species

Leptopelini Laurent, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 201. Type genus: Leptopelis Günther, 1859.

Leptopelinae — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 260.

Leptopelidae — Scott, 2005, Cladistics, 21: 523.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Subsaharan Africa.

Comment

As originally proposed the group name was Leptopelini, a tribe, for this group within Hyperoliinae (= Hyperoliidae of this catalog); see comment under Hyperoliidae. Drewes, 1984, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 139: 52, transferred Nesionixalus out of Leptopelinae and into the synonymy of Hyperolius (Hyperoliinae). Acanthixalus was transferred to Hyperoliinae by Channing, 1989, S. Afr. J. Zool., 24: 116. Vences, Kosuch, Glaw, Böhme, and Veith, 2003, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 41: 205–213, presented data to suggest that Leptopelinae is in Astylosternidae (now part of Arthroleptidae), but retained Leptopelinae within Hyperoliidae pending additional confirmation. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 234, provided additional information and placed Leptopelinae as the sister taxon of Arthroleptinae (including the astylosternines) and placed them together in the family Arthroleptidae. Scott, 2005, Cladistics, 21: 523, suggested on the basis of morphology and molecular data Leptopelidae is the sister taxon of Arthroleptidae (including astylosternines). Odierna, Aprea, Andreone, Böhme, and Vences, 2007, Ital. J. Zool., 74: 71–81, confirmed that Leptopelinae is far from Hyperoliidae, on the basis of karyological data. van der Meijden, Vences, Hoegg, Boistel, Channing, and Meyer, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 1017–1030, provided evidence that Arthroleptinae is paraphyletic with respect to Leptopelinae. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583,partitioned Arthroleptinae to remedy this situation and regarded their Astylosterninae to be the sister taxon of Leptopelinae + their Arthroleptinae and provided a phylogenetic tree for their leptopeline exemplars. Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 248–309, provided accounts and maps for the species known at the time.

Contained taxa (56 sp.):

Leptopelis Günther, 1859 (56 sp.)

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