Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Brachycephalidae > Genus: Ischnocnema > Species: Ischnocnema parva

Hylodes parvus Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 423. Type(s): Not stated; presumably originally in USNM or ANSP. Type locality: "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil".

Hylodes (Hylodes) parvus — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 153.

Eleutherodactylus parvus — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582–583, by implication; Lutz, 1944, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 17: 1.

Leptodactylus pumilio Boulenger, 1920, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 5: 123. Holotype: BMNH, by original designation; BMNH 1947.2.17.35 (originally 1914.3.20.7), by museum records. Type locality: "at or near Theresopolis", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Synonymy by Heyer, 1972, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 231: 3.

Phrynanodus nanus Ahl, 1933, Zool. Anz., 104: 29. Holotype: NHMW 18321, according to Lynch, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 875–876. Type locality: "Ostbrasiliens, Itatiaya, Südabhang, in 1000–2000 m Höhe", State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Synonymy by Lynch, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 875–876.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) parvus — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 230.

Ischnocnema parva — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10094; Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 15; Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 28.

Common Names

Girard's Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 78).

Distribution

Restricted to the vicinity of the city of Rio de Janeiro, with cryptic species inhabiting the coastal plain of eastern São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. See comment.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) binotatus series, Eleutherodactylus parvus group according to Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 230. See account by Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 299–300 (who also described the call). Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 85, provided a brief account and photo. Siqueira, Ananias, and Recco-Pimentel, 2004, Genet. Mol. Biol., 27: 363–372, compared the karyotypes of Eleutherodactylus binotatus, Eleutherodactylus guentheri, and Eleutherodactylus parvus. In the Ischnocnema parva species series of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 28, Canedo and Haddad, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 65: 619 Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 122, and Taucce, Canedo, Parreiras, Drummond, Nogueira-Costa, and Haddad, 2018, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 128: 123–146 (who provided substantial evidence of several unnamed species covered under this species name. Cruz, Feio, and Caramaschi, 2009, Anf. Ibitipoca: 58–59, provided photographs and a brief account for Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rodriguez, Börner, Pabijan, Gehara, Haddad, and Vences, 2015, Evol. Ecol., 29: 765–785 (and supplemental data), reported on phylogeographic diversity and its causes. Gehara, Barth, Oliveira, Costa, Haddad, and Vences, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 112: 68–78, reported on molecular phylogenetics of the Ischnocnema parva complex, noting that the species, Ischnocnema parva, is likely restricted to the type locality with other parts of the nominal range inhabited by unnamed species. Andrade, Haga, and Giaretta, 2017, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 13: 271–277, described the calls from four localities, noting variation among the sites. C.A.G. Cruz in Ferreira, Mônico, Silva, Lirio, Zocca, Mageski, Tonini, Beard, Duca, and Silva-Soares, 2019, ZooKeys, 857: 152, noted an unnamed species, "Ischnocnema aff. parva" in the region of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Ornellas, Zocca, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2021, Zootaxa, 5082: 201–222, discussed phylogenetics of the unnamed species related to (or at least similar to) Ischnocnema parva.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.