Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Breviceps pentheri Werner, 1899

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Brevicipitidae > Genus: Breviceps > Species: Breviceps pentheri

Breviceps pentheri Werner, 1899, Zool. Anz., 22: 116. Types: Presumably NHMW although not in recent type lists. Type locality: "Capland, wahrscheinlich Grahamstown", Eastern Cape Province, Rep. South Africa.

Breviceps parvus Hewitt, 1925, Ann. Natal Mus., 5: 192. Syntypes: AMG (several specimens, now in PEM) and MCZ 10836 (on exchange from PEM, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 230); PEM A1534 designated lectotype by Conradie, Branch, and Watson, 2015, Zootaxa, 3936: 52, who commented on the types generally. Type locality: "Grahamstown", Eastern Cape Province, Rep. South Africa. Synonymy with Breviceps pentheri pentheri by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 192. Synonymy by Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 82.

Breviceps parvus caffer Hewitt, 1932, Ann. Natal Mus., 7: 109. Syntypes: AMG, by original designation; now in PEM according to Conradie, Branch, and Watson, 2015, Zootaxa, 3936: 52, who designated PEM A849 lectotype. Type locality: "Gleniffer, near Kei Road", Eastern Cape Province, Rep. South Africa. Synonymy with Breviceps adspersus pentheri by Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 82.

Breviceps pentheri pentheri — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 192.

Breviceps pentheri caffer — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 192.

Breviceps adspersus pentheri — Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 82; Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 117.

Breviceps pentheri — Nielsen, Daniels, Conradie, Heinicke, and Noonan, 2018, J. Biogeograph., 45: 2067–2079, by implication of finding Breviceps pentheri far phylogenetically from Breviceps adspersus.

Common Names

Bushveld Rain Frog (Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 108)

Distribution

Found on sandy to sandy loam soils in semiarid grasslands of the coastal region of the Eastern Cape Province, Rep. South Africa.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: South Africa

Endemic: South Africa

Comment

See literature of Breviceps adspersus with which this species was long confused. Removed from the synonymy of Breviceps adspersus by Nielsen, Daniels, Conradie, Heinicke, and Noonan, 2018, J. Biogeograph., 45: 2067–2079 (on the basis of being more closely related to Breviceps sopranus and Breviceps bagginsi and patristically distant from Breviceps adspersus) , where it had been placed by Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 82. Du Preez and Carruthers, 2017, Frogs S. Afr., Compl. Guide: 110–111, provided a brief account (as Breviceps adspersus pentheri), including a polygon range map, photograph, identification features, morphology, habitat, and call. This phylogenetic result confirmed by Heinicke, Beidoun, Nielsen, and Bauer, 2021, Herpetol. Notes, 14: 397–406, even though they considered this taxon to be a subspecies of Breviceps adspersus.

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