Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Adenomus kandianus (Günther, 1872)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Adenomus > Species: Adenomus kandianus

Bufo kandianus Günther, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 9: 87. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.20.63 according to Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 223. Type locality: "Peradeniya . . . collected chiefly in the neighbourhood of the locality named . . . . Ceylon". Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, and Wickramasinghe, 2012, Zootaxa, 3347: 63-68, suggested the type locality to lie at high elevation in the central hills of Sri Lanka.

Adenomus kandianus — Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 223.

Adenomus dasi Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 215. Holotype: WHT 2267, by original designation. Type locality: "Moray Estate, Rajamally, near Mousakelle, Sri Lanka, alt. 1370 m (06° 48′ N, 80° 31′ E)". Synonymy by Meegaskumbura, Senevirathne, Wijayathilaka, Jayawardena, Bandara, Manamendra-Arachchi, and Pethiyagoda, 2015, Zootaxa, 3911: 257.

Bufo (Adenomus) dasi — Smith and Chiszar, 2006, Herpetol. Conserv. Biol., 1: 6-8.

Common Names

Das's Toad (Adenomus dasi [no longer recognized]: de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 59).

Distribution

Known only from 1) the type locality (Peradeniya), 2) within Peak Sanctuary, 3) Pidurutalagala Forest Reserve, and 4) Moray Estate, Rajamally, near Mousakelle. Central Province, Sri Lanka.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Sri Lanka

Endemic: Sri Lanka

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Bufo kelaarti by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 223, where it had been placed by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 288. Likely extinct according to Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 1998, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 3: 245. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 136 (and on p. 155 as Adenomus dasi). Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, and Wickramasinghe, 2012, Zootaxa, 3347: 63-68, reported on a newly discovered population in the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, Central Province, Sri Lanka. Gabadage, de Silva, Botejue, Bahir, Surasinghe, Madawala, Amarasinghe, and Karunarathna, 2014, Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 10: 37–49, reported on the third known locality for the species and provided a detailed redescription of the holotype and new specimens.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.