Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Amazophrynella minuta (Melin, 1941)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Amazophrynella > Species: Amazophrynella minuta

Atelopus minutus Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 18. Syntypes: NHMG (5 specimens), according to Hoogmoed, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World : 66. Type locality: "Taracúa, Rio Uaupés, [State of Amazonas,] Brazil".

Dendrophryniscus minutus — McDiarmid, 1971, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 12: 40.

Amazonella minutus — Fouquet, Recoder, Teixeira, Cassimiro, Amaro, Camacho, Damasceno, Carnaval, Moritz, and Rodrigues, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 62: 832.

Amazophrynella minuta — Fouquet, Recoder, Teixeira, Cassimiro, Amaro, Camacho, Damasceno, Carnaval, Moritz, and Rodrigues, 2012, Zootaxa, 3244: 68.

English Names

Tiny Tree Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 44).

Amazonian Tiny Tree Toad (De la Riva, 1999, Herpetozoa, Wien, 12: 91).

Distribution

Amazonian Venezuela (Amazonas and Llanos), Colombia (from the llanos of Meta and Vichada south to Amazonia), Brazil adjacent to Amazonian Venezuela and Colombia. Older records from other countries now apply to other species.

Comment

Discussed by Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 120-121, who provided an account, including brief descriptions of call and tapole, and who reported geographic variation in belly pattern. D.C. Cannatella and M.S. Hoogmoed in Hoogmoed, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 67, believed that this variation is due to two species being confounded. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 12, provided a brief account, as Dendrophryniscus minutus. De la Riva, 1999, Herpetozoa, Wien, 12: 91-92, reported the Bolivian record. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 56-57, provided a brief account, including a call description, and photo. Lynch, 2006, Caldasia, 28: 138, characterized the range in Colombia. See account (as Dendrophryniscus minutus) for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 52-53. Fouquet, Gilles, Vences, Marty, Blanc, and Gemmell, 2007, PLoS One, 10 (e1109): 1–10, provided molecular evidence that this is a species complex (although this is probably rectified as of this time by the naming of new species, DRF). Rojas-Runjaic, Castroviejo-Fisher, and Barrio-Amorós, 2013, Check List, 9: 1122-1123, provided a record from northwestern Amazonas, Venezuela. Rojas-Zamora, Carvalho, Gordo, Ávila, and Farias, 2014, Zootaxa, 3753: 79-95, suggested that unnamed species currently under this name exist in western Amazonia and on the Guiana Shield, and transferred record from the Manaus region of Amazonia to Amazophrynella manaos. With the naming of Amazophrynella matses, Amazophrynella javierbustamantei, and Amazophrynella amazonicola from Peru and the recognition of a likely unnamed species from western Amazonia by Rojas-Zamora, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2015, Zootaxa, 3946: 79–103, it is not clear that non-topotypic populations of Amazophrynella minuta can confidently be assigned to that species (DRF). See map by Rojas-Zamora, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, 2018, PeerJ, 6(e4941): 7, who discussed evolution within the genus and redelimited this species with the result that all previous literature of this species should be used with caution. Acosta-Galvis and Señaris, 2018, Vol. 6, Fauna Silvestre Escudo Guayanés: 86, noted the species in Caquetá and Vaupés Provinces, Colombia. Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 1–352, reported on nominal Dendrophryiscus minutus, including the call, from Cuzco Amazonica, Ecuador, but the taxonomic identity of this population is now in doubt. See brief taxonomic account for Venezuela by Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 7. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana.

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