Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Atelopus cruciger (Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Atelopus > Species: Atelopus cruciger

Phrynidium crucigerum Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856, Nomencl. Rept. Amph. Mus. Zool. Berol.: 41. Syntypes: Including ZMB 3381 (3 specimens) according to Lötters, 1996, Neotrop. Toad Genus Atelopus: 23; although Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 32, reported MNHNP 5020 as syntypes, these three specimens are not from the stated type locality, rather they are from Caracas, Venezuela, rendering suspect their status as types. Possible syntypes set aside and ZSM 93/1947/10 designated neotype by Lötters and La Marca, 2001, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 58: 119–121, and accepted by Opinion 2013, Anonymous, 2002, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 59: 226. Type locality: "Veragoa" [= Veragua, Panama]; see discussion of this locality by Savage, 1970, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 38: 273–288, and Lötters, 1996, Neotrop. Toad Genus Atelopus: 23. Type locality corrected to coastal range of Venezuela by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 173. Locality of neotype is "vicinity of Rancho Grande on the road from Maracay to Ocumare de la Costa (ca. 1000 m above sea level), Estado Aragua, Venezuela".

Phryniscus cruciger — Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 44.

Atelopus cruciger — Boulenger, 1894, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 14: 374–375.

Atelopus varius cruciger — Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 395. Based on apparently misidentified specimens from Panama.

Atelopus cruciger cruciger — Müller, 1934, Zool. Anz., 108: 151. .

Atelopus crucigerum — La Marca, 1983, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 54: 5. Incorrect gender of species name.

English Names

Veragua Stubfoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 39).

Distribution

Northern and southern versants of the central Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela (historically in the states of Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Miranda, Vargas, Yaracuy, and the Distrito Federal), 100–2200 m elevation. See comment.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Venezuela

Endemic: Venezuela

Comment

For synonymy, review, and subspecies, see Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 171–174. Cocroft, McDiarmid, Jaslow, and Ruiz-Carranza, 1990, Copeia, 1990: 638, discussed the call. In the Atelopus flavescens group of Lynch, 1993, Alytes, 11: 77–87. La Marca, 1992, Cuad. Geograf., Mérida, 9: 13, and Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 1–93, suggested that the Sucre state locality required verification and did not accept it as valid. See account by Lötters, La Marca, and Vences, 2004, Copeia, 2004: 224–228. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 164. Señaris, 2005, in Rueda-Almonacid et al. (eds.), Ranas Arlequines: 67, provided a brief account. Yerena and Rivero-Blanco, 2008 "2007", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 4: 7–9, provided a range extnsion interior Serrania of the coastal range of Venezuela. See brief notes for Venezuela by Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 7–9, who considered it to be extinct in all but two localities in the state of Aragua.

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