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Bufo formosus Boulenger, 1883
Bufo formosus Boulenger, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883: 140. Syntypes: BMNH (2 specimens), by original designation, these being BMNH 1882.7.14.27-28 (reregistered 1947.2.21.83-84) according to museum records. Type locality: "Yokohama", Japan. Synonymy by Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 60, and Slevin, 1937, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 23: 177. Junior secondary homonym of Bufo formosus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 646 (= Rhinella formosus [Tschudi, 1838]).
Bufo smithi Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 64. Holotype: USNM 31951, by original designation. Type locality: "Kochi, Province of Toza, Shikoku Island", Japan. Synonymy with Bufo formosus japonicus by Okada, 1931, Tailless Batr. Japan. Empire: 39; (with Bufo vulgaris) by Slevin, 1937, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 23: 177.
Bufo vulgaris yakushimensis Okada, 1928, Annot. Zool. Japon., 11: 269. Holotype: TIU 1983, lost by implication of Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 31. Type locality: "Yakushima in Kagoshima Prefecture", Japan. Synonymy by Matsui, 1984, Contrib. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ., 26: 404.
Bufo japonicus formosus — Matsui, 1984, Contrib. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ., 26: 404. Distinctiveness from Bufo japonicus japonicus doubted by Kawamura, Nishioka, Sumida, and Ryuzaki, 1990, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 10: 1-51.
Bufo (Bufo) japonicus formosus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 24.
Bufo formosus — Dufresnes and Litvinchuk, 2022, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 195: 700.
Common Names
Eastern Japanese Common Toad (Bufo japonicus formosus: Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 19; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 51).
Distribution
Extreme southern Hokkaido (introduced), eastern Honshu, Japan
Geographic Occurrence
Natural Resident: Japan
Endemic: Japan
Introduced: Japan
Comment
Prior to 2022, Bufo formosus was considered by most authors to be a synonym or subspecies of Bufo japonicus (now Bufo praetextatus). See comment under Bufo praetexatus for literature addressing this species as part that of that one. Fukutani, Matsui, and Nishikawa, 2023, PeerJ, 11(e16302): 1–27, reported on hybrid zones between this lineage and Bufo praetextatus (as Bufo japonicus), noting a narrow hybrid zone in one area and broad zones in two others.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For access to general information see Wikipedia
- For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
- For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.