Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bufo sachalinensis Nikolskii, 1905

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufo > Species: Bufo sachalinensis

Bufo vulgaris var. sachalinensis Nikolskii, 1905, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 8, 17: 389. Syntypes: ZISP 1934–1936 according to Kuzmin and Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 126 (given as 1935, 1936.1 and 1936.2 by Vedmederya, Zinenko, and Barabanov, 2009, Russ. J. Herpetol., 16: 204), and MNKNU 26290 according to Vedmederya, Zinenko, and Barabanov, 2009, Russ. J. Herpetol., 16: 204. Type locality: "Sachalin" (= Sakhalin Island), Russia.

Bufo sachalinensis — Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 59; Okada, 1931, Tailless Batr. Japan. Empire: 43.

Bufo bufo sachalinensis — Van Denburgh, 1924, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 13: 243.

Bufo sachalinensis — Othman, Litvinchuk, Maslova, Dahn, Messenger, Andersen, Jowers, Kojima, Skorinov, Yasumiba, Chuang, Chen, Bae, Hoti, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, eLife, 11(e70494): 29; Dufresnes and Litvinchuk, 2022, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 195: 700.

Bufo sachalinensis sachalinensis — Othman, Litvinchuk, Maslova, Dahn, Messenger, Andersen, Jowers, Kojima, Skorinov, Yasumiba, Chuang, Chen, Bae, Hoti, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, eLife, 11(e70494): 29.

Common Names

Sakhalin Toad (Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 14).

Distribution

Amur River basin of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, China, and adjacent Russia, including Sakhalin I.; Korean Peninsula.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Korea, Democratic People's Republic (North), Korea, Republic of (South), Russia

Comment

Othman, Litvinchuk, Maslova, Dahn, Messenger, Andersen, Jowers, Kojima, Skorinov, Yasumiba, Chuang, Chen, Bae, Hoti, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, eLife, 11(e70494): 29, resurrected Bufo sachalinensis from the synonymy of Bufo gargarizans where it had been placed Synonymy with Bufo asiaticus by Gumilevskij, 1936, Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, 4: 167–171 (as a synonym of Bufo asiaticus); by Shannon, 1956, Herpetologica, 12: 30 (as a synonym of Bufo bufo), and specifically with Bufo gargarizans by Borkin and Roshchin, 1981, Zool. Zh., 60: 1802–1812, and Matsui, 1986, Copeia, 1986: 561–579. Synonymy not noted by Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 128. Othman et al. (2022: 29) also noted that the population in the Korean Peninsula should be regarded as Bufo cf. sachalinensis inasmuch as the status of this population required further elucidation. Borzée, Litvinchuk, Ri, Andersen, Nam, Jon, Man, Choe, Kwon, Othman, Messenger, Bae, Shin, Kim, Maslova, Luedtke, Hobin, Moores, Seliger, Glenk, and Jang, 2021, Animals, 11 (2057): 1–37, provided (as Bufo gargarizans) P.D.R. Korea locality records, a distribution map as well as modeled distribution, life history comments, and conservation status. Andersen, Chuang, Choe, Kim, Kwon, Jang, and Borzée, 2022, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 61(25): 1–10, reported on the elevational range (0–1179 m) in Rep. Korea. Borzée, 2024, Continental NE Asian Amph.: 14–18, provided a detailed account (distribution including a polygon map, habitat, ecology, conservation, photos of larvae and adults) for northeastern Asia.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.