Bufotes luristanicus (Schmidt, 1952)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufotes > Species: Bufotes luristanicus

Bufo luristanicus Schmidt, 1952, Nat. Hist. Misc., 93: 1–2. Holotype: ZMUC Field No. 102, by original designation. Given as ZMUC R13221 by Schmidt, 1955, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 117: 198, and this confirmed by museum records (pers. comm. H. Kristensen, 24 Nov. 2010). Type locality: "Shah Bazan [at km 324 of the Trans-Iranian railway], Luristan, Iran". Given as "52 km as the crow flies NE of Dizful", Iran, by Schmidt, 1955, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 117: 198.

Bufo surdus luristanicus — Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 118; Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 180.

Pseudepidalea luristanica — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Bufo (Pseudepidalea) luristanica — Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabizadeh, Shafiei Bafti, and Anderson, 2008, Iranian J. Anim. Biosyst., 4: 44.

Bufo (Bufotes) luristanicus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufotes luristanicus — Borkin and Litvinchuk, 2013, Trudy Zool. Inst. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 317: 512.

Calliopersa luristanica — Safaei-Mahroo and Ghaffari, 2020, Compl. Guide Amph. Iran: 152.

Calliopersa luristanicus — Kazemi and Hosseinzadeh, 2020, Ecopersia, 8: 221.

Bufotes (Calliopersa) luristanicus — Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 17).

Common Names

Lorestan Toad (Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 137).

Lorestan Earless Toad (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 262). 

Distribution

Foothills of the Zagros Mountains in the provinces of Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad, and Lorestan, southwestern Iran, 150–2100 m elevation, and likely into the adjacent borderlands of Iraq.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Iran

Likely/Controversially Present: Iraq

Endemic: Iran

Comment

In the Bufo viridis group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo, and the Bufo surdus subgroup of Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 262. Removed from the synonymy of Bufo surdus by Anderson, 1985, Encycl. Iranica, 1 (Fasc. 9): 987, and Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 268 (who provided an account), where it had been placed by Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 118; and Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 181–243. Schmidt, 1955, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 117: 198, provided a comprehensive morphological description; see also Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 267, who provided photographs of the holotype and a living specimen, as well as an extensive discussion. See maps by Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 187; Borkin, Rosanov, and Litvinchuk, 2001 "2000", Russ. J. Herpetol., 7: 172; Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 308, and Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: App. I. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 137–139, provided an account for Iran. Javari and Torki, 2009, Herpetozoa, Wien, 21: 171–178, discussed the morphological variation and habitat preference of this taxon, considering it to be a subspecies of Bufotes surdus (as Bufo) on the basis of morphology, but noting that molecular evidence suggested a species-level distinctiveness. Leviton, Anderson, Adler, and Minton, 1992, Handb. Middle East Amph. Rept.: 143–144, provided a brief account. Fakharzadeh, Darvish, Kami, Ghasemzadeh, and Rastegar-Pouyani, 2014, Asian Herpetol. Res., 5: 168–178, reported on karyology of the Bufotes viridis complex in the southern part of Iran, showing karyotypic differences between Bufotes luristanicus, Bufotes surdus, and Bufotes variabilis. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 257–290, reported on distribution and conservation status in Iran. Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 1–25, summarized the phylogenetics and biogeography of this diploid species. Javari and Torki, 2009, Herpetozoa, Wien, 21: 171–178, suggested on the basis of morphology that Bufotes luristanicus (as Bufo) is a subspecies of Bufotes surdus, but noted that molecular evidence suggested species distinctiveness. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species, photographs, habitat, conservation threats and Red List recommendation, a review of the literature, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps.   

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