Bufotes oblongus (Nikolskii, 1896)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufotes > Species: Bufotes oblongus

Bufo oblongus Nikolskii, 1896, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 1: 372. Syntypes: ZISP 1952 (2 specimens) according to Nikolskii, 1897, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 2: 337; ZISP 1952.1 designated lectotype by Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 79, 84. Type locality: "Persia orientali" (= eastern Iran). Given as Ssaman-Shahi mountains in East Persia (= eastern Iran) by Nikolskii, 1897, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 2: 337-338. Restricted by reference to collection itinerary to the city of Birjand (about 32° 55′ N, 59° 10′ E) by Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 271. Given as "Ssaman Shakhi Mountains near Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Iran, 32.8266 N 59.2146 E" by Ananjeva, Milto, Barabanov, and Golynsky, 2020, Zootaxa, 4722: 109. Considered by Boulenger, 1898, Zool. Rec., 34: 31; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 86, to be a junior synonym of Bufo andersonii (= Bufo stomaticus). Provisionally considered distinct without comment by Dubois, 1974, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 213: 350. Provisionally considered to be a senior synonym of Bufo danatensis by Roth, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 128; considered a synonymy by Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 79. Formerly considered a synonym of Bufo viridis arabicus by Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 113-123. Considered a distinct tetraploid species by Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 271.

Bufo viridis oblongus — Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1971, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 75: 383.

Bufo danatensis Pisanets, 1978, Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukr., 3: 28. Holotype: ZIK AN1 by original designation and according to Pisanets, 2001, Cat. Types Specimens Ukran. Acad. Sci., 1: 91. Type locality: Neighborhood of the Danata village, Kyuren-Dagh mountain ridge, southwestern Turkmenistan. Provisional synonymy (with Bufo oblongus) by Roth, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 128; by implication assumed to be a synonym by Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 79.

Bufo latastii oblongus — Hemmer, Schmidtler, and Böhme, 1978, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 34: 377.

Bufo danatensis danatensis — Pisanets and Shcherbak, 1979, Vestn. Zool., Kiev, 1979: 11.

Bufo oblongus oblongus — Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 271.

Bufo oblongus danatensis — Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 273.

Pseudepidalea oblonga — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Bufo (Pseudepidalea) oblonga — Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabizadeh, Shafiei Bafti, and Anderson, 2008, Iranian J. Anim. Biosyst., 4: 44.

Bufo (Bufotes) oblongus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufo (Bufotes) oblongus danatensis — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufo (Bufotes) oblongus oblongus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufotes oblongus —  Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6; Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 262.

Bufotes oblongus danatensis — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. Required generic change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

Bufotes oblongus oblongus — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. Required generic change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

Common Names

Middle Asiatic Toad (Bufo danatensis: Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988, in Vorobyeva and Darevsky (eds.), Amph. Rept. Mongolian P. Rep.: 248; Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 264).

Danatea Toad (Bufo danatensis: Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 138).

Eastern Persian Toad (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 262). 

Oblong Toad (Safaei-Mahroo and Ghaffari, 2020, Compl. Guide Amph. Iran: 9). 

Distribution

East of the central Iranian deserts (Khorasan) to the north along the Kopet-Dagh range to Kyuren Dagh (South Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi, Sistan Va Baluchistan, and Semnan provinces) and into the border areas of Turkmenistan and western Afghanistan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan

Comment

In the Bufo viridis group sensu Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo; and in the Bufo viridis subgroup representing the western Central Asian tetraploids according to Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 269 and 271-276, who discussed this tetraploid species, and its complicated and confusing nomenclatural and taxonomic history, redescribed the lectotype, and noted that the relationship of Bufo oblongus oblongus and Bufo oblongus danatensis is not clear. Borkin, Eremchenko, Helfenberger, Panfilov, and Rosanov, 2001, Russ. J. Herpetol., 8: 45-53, discussed the distribution of putative "Bufo danatensis" in Kazakhstan and Kyghyzstan. See preliminary map in Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 308, in connection with Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: App. I. Stöck, Steinlein, Lamatsch, Schartl, and Schmid, 2005, Genetica, 124: 255-272, suggested on the basis of karyology that Bufotes oblongus is an allopolyploid and Stöck, Moritz, Hickerson, Frynta, Dujsebayeva, Eremchenko, Macey, Papenfuss, and Wake, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 663-689, suggested that this polyploidy has a separate origin than that found in Bufotes pewzowi. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 144-145, provided an account for Iran. Kuzmin, 2013, Amph. Former Soviet Union, Ed. 2: 163–164, provided an account for the former USSR. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 257–290, reported on distribution and conservation status in Iran. A tetraploid species according to Betto-Colliard, Sermier, Litvinchuk, Perrin, and Stöck, 2015, Heredity, 114: 301. A tetraploid hybrid species (♀ Bufotes perrini (western lineage) × ♂ Bufotes latastii) according to Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 1–25, who summarized its biogeography and evolutionary history. Key to the species, synonymy, distribution (including map), and access to literature provided by Safaei-Mahroo and Ghaffari, 2020, Compl. Guide Amph. Iran: 1–331. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 1–112, provided for Iran an identification key including this species, photographs, habitat, conservation threats and Red List recommendation, a review of the literature, as well as dot and modeled distribution maps (as well as including Afghanistan in the distribution). Hosseinian Yousefkani, Shafiei Bafti, Rezazadeh Mashizi, and Moeinadini, 2024, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 20(e242501): 85–89, discussed the possible effects of climate change on the range in Iran and provided a current dot map for that country.  

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