Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bufotes pseudoraddei (Mertens, 1971)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufotes > Species: Bufotes pseudoraddei

Bufo viridis pseudoraddei Mertens, 1971, Senckenb. Biol., 52: 8, and fig. 3. Holotype: SMF 65628, by original designation. Type locality: "Mingorah, Swat, West-Pakistan". See comment by Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein, and Grosse, 1999, Ital. J. Zool., 66: 230, on type locality, which they considered to be situated at an elevation higher than 1000 m..

Bufo latastii pseudoraddei — Hemmer, Schmidtler, and Böhme, 1978, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 34: 377.

Bufo danatensis pseudoraddei — Pisanets and Shcherbak, 1979, Vestn. Zool., Kiev, 1979: 11.

Bufo pseudoraddei pseudoraddei — Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein, and Grosse, 1999, Ital. J. Zool., 66: 221.

Bufo zamdaensis Fei, Ye, and Huang In Fei, Ye, Huang, and Chen, 1999, Zool. Res., Kunming, 20: 296. Holotype: CIB 760085, by original designation. Type locality: "Zamda (Tzada) County (79° 80′ E, 31° 50′ N), Ngari (Ari) Prefecture, Xizang (Tibet), altitude 2900 m", China. Synonymy by Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 20.

Bufo zamdaensis — Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 93.

Pseudepidalea zamdaensis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Pseudepidalea pseudoraddei — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Bufo (Bufotes) pseudoraddei — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufo (Bufotes) pseudoraddei pseudoraddei — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufo (Bufotes) zamdaensis — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.

Bufo pseudoraddei — Kuzmin, 2013, Amph. Former Soviet Union, Ed. 2: 161.

Bufotes pseudoraddei — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6: . Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

Bufotes pseudoraddei pseudoraddei — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6: . Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

Bufotes zamdaensis — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

English Names

Swat Green Toad (Bufo pseudoraddei pseudoraddei: Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).

Zamda Toad (no longer recognized: Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 267).

Distribution

Himalayan moist-temperate forest in northern Pakistan, and into nearby Sutlij and Spiti Valley on the western Tibet, China/India border; likely to be found in eastern Afghanistan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, India, Pakistan

Likely/Controversially Present: Afghanistan

Comment

In the Bufo viridis group Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo; and the Bufo viridis subgroup of Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51. Stöck, Schmid, Steinlein, and Grosse, 1999, Ital. J. Zool., 66: 215-232, discussed the subspecific status of Bufo pseudoraddei pseudoraddei and Bufo pseudoraddei baturae (now Bufotes baturae), and considered both to be triploid representatives of the Bufo viridis (sub-) group. Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 265, previously had considered Bufo viridis pseudoraddei a synonym of the later-described Bufo danatensis. Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 77-100, showed new records mainly from Pakistan. Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 302-305, provided an account of this triploid species.See preliminary map in Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 308, in connection with Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: App.I. Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 46-47, provided a brief account for Pakistan. Stöck, Moritz, Hickerson, Frynta, Dujsebayeva, Eremchenko, Macey, Papenfuss, and Wake, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 663-689, provided molecular evidence of strong differentiation of Bufotes pseudoraddei pseudoraddei and Bufotes pseudoraddei baturae. Ficetola, Crottini, Casiraghi, and Padoa-Schioppa, 2010, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 6: 1-12, discussed the habitat in Pakistan of Bufotes pseudoraddei baturae (as Bufo). Kuzmin, 2013, Amph. Former Soviet Union, Ed. 2: 161–162, provided an account (as Bufo pseudoraddei) for the former USSR. Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 17, noted this triploid hybrid-origin species to have originated as Bufotes perrini X Bufotes latastii. A triploid hybrid species (♀ Bufotes perrini (western lineage) × ♂ Bufotes latastii) according to Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 1–25, who summarized its biogeography and evolutionary history. Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 141–146, provided a detailed account (as Bufotes zamdaensis, in apparent ignorance of the recent 2019 synonymy with Bufotes pseudoraddei) for Tibet. Rais, Ahmed, Sajjad, Akram, Saeed, Hamid, and Abid, 2021, ZooKeys, 1062: 157–175, included this species in an identification key to the amphibian species of Pakistan as well as providing a photograph.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.