Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bufotes turanensis (Hemmer, Schmidtler, and Böhme, 1978)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Bufotes > Species: Bufotes turanensis

Bufo viridis turanensis Hemmer, Schmidtler, and Böhme, 1978, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 34: 378. Holotype: MTD 11195, by original designation. Type locality: "Duschanbe (Stadtrand)", about 38° 38′ N, 68° 51′ E, Tajikistan.

Bufo shaartusiensis Pisanets, Mezhzherin, and Shcherbak, 1996, Dopov. Nat. Akad. Nauk Ukr., 6: 147-151. Holotype: ZIK AN 4 by original designation and Pisanets, 2001, Cat. Types Specimens Ukran. Acad. Sci., 1: 92. Type locality: Beshkentskye Peski [Beshkent sands], Shaartuz region, environs of Shaartuz city [about 37° 15′ N, 68° 07′ E], southwestern Tajikistan. Distinctiveness from Bufo viridis turanensis doubted by Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 302. Synonymy by Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 20.

Bufo viridis shaartusiensis — Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 174.

Bufo turanensis — Stöck, Moritz, Hickerson, Frynta, Dujsebayeva, Eremchenko, Macey, Papenfuss, and Wake, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 667. Based on samples of Bufotes perrini.

Pseudepidalea turanensis — Frost, 2007, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 5.0, by implication of the results of Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, and Green, 2008, Cladistics, 24: 365, and Stöck, Moritz, Hickerson, Frynta, Dujsebayeva, Eremchenko, Macey, Papenfuss, and Wake, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 663–689. Based on samples of Bufotes perrini.

Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis turanensis — Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabizadeh, Shafiei Bafti, and Anderson, 2008, Iranian J. Anim. Biosyst., 4: 44. Based on samples of Bufotes perrini.

Bufo (Bufotes) turanensis — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record. Based on samples of Bufotes perrini.

Bufotes turanensis — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.

Bufo shaartusiensis — Betto-Colliard, Sermier, Litvinchuk, Perrin, and Stöck, 2015, Heredity, 114: 301.

Common Names

Turan Toad (Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Fahimi, Broomand, Yazdanian, Najafi-Majd, Hosseinian Yousefkani, Rezazadeh, Hosseinzadeh, Nasrabadi, Mashayekhi, Motesharei, Naderi, and Kazemi, 2015, Asian Herpetol. Res., 6: 266).

Distribution

Endemic to the Amu-Darya River basin, from western Tajikistan, to the former Aral Sea, encompassing western Uzbekistan and eastern Turkmenistan; northeastern Afghanistan (Kunduz Province).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Likely/Controversially Present: Iran

Comment

A diploid species according to Betto-Colliard, Sermier, Litvinchuk, Perrin, and Stöck, 2015, Heredity, 114: 301 (as Bufotes shaartusiensis). See discussion and map by Ficetola and Stöck, 2016, J. Biogeograph., 43: 703–715 (as Bufotes shaartusiensis). Dufresnes, Mazepa, Jablonski, Oliveira, Wenseleers, Shabanov, Auer, Ernst, Koch, Ramírez-Chaves, Mulder, Simonovo, Tiutenko, Kryvokhyzhar, Wennekes, Zinenko, Korshunov, Al-Johany, Peregontsev, Masroor, Betto-Colliard, Denoël, Borkin, Skorinov, Pasynkova, Mazanaeva, Rosanov, Dubey, and Litvinchuk, 2019, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 141: 1–25, summarized the phylogenetics, distribution (not extending to Iran), and biogeography of this diploid species, as well as noting that the species no longer appears to be at the type locality, where only Bufotes pewzowi is now found; possibly due to range shifts since 1978. Litvinchuk, Mazepa, Pasynkova, Saidov, Satorov, Chikin, Shabanov, Crottini, Borkin, Rosanov, and Stöck, 2011, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 49: 233–239, for discussion of range (as Bufotes shaartusiensis). See localities in Afghanistan by Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms, and Böhme, 2016, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 63: 464. Jablonski, Bemmel, and Masroor, 2021, Herpetol. Notes, 14: 63–66, reported the species from Kunduz Province, northeastern Afghanistan. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 13, suggested that records of nominal Bufotes oblongus (tetraploid) from northeastern Iran require confirmation as they could be Bufotes turanensis (diploid).

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.