Ingerophrynus chrysolophus Arkhipov, Pawangkhanant, Sarker, Nguyen, Suwannapoom, Smith, and Poyarkov, 2025

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Ingerophrynus > Species: Ingerophrynus chrysolophus

Ingerophrynus chrysolophus Arkhipov, Pawangkhanant, Sarker, Nguyen, Suwannapoom, Smith, and Poyarkov In Arkhipov, Pawangkhanant, Sarker, Gorin, Bragin, Nguyen, Hamidy, Muin, Kurniawan, Brown, Suwannapoom, Smith, and Poyarkov, 2025, Herpetozoa, Wien, 38: 285. Holotype: ZMMU A-8030, by original designation. Type locality: "Wat Tham Sanook Temple, Tha Sae District, Chumphon Province, Thailand (10.481°N, 99.073°E; elevation 65 m asl.)". ZooBank Publication registration: DFF82964-7476-401C-B0FD-D9722A4CCF21

Common Names

Golden-crested Dwarf Toad (original publication).

คางคกแคระหัวทอง (Thai; original publication). 

Златогребнистая шлемоносная жаба (Russian; original publication).

Red Small Toad (As Bufo parvus: Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73).

Keel-headed Toad (As Bufo parvus: Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73).

Indochinese Dwarf Toad (As Ingerophrynus parvus: Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 92).

Stream Toad (As Ingerophrynus parvus: Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 48).

Malayan Dwarf Toad (As Ingerophrynus parvus: Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 29).

Dwarf Toad (As Ingerophrynus parvus: Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15). 

Distribution

Central, eastern, western, and southern Thailand (provinces of Mae Hong Son, Tak, Kamphaeng Phet, Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumpon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phang Nga, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Trang, Songkhla, Satun, Trat, and Chanthaburi provinces); the adjacent parts of southern Myanmar (Tanintharyi Region and Yangon State); and southwest Cambodia (Cardamom Mountains); expected in the northernmost Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis State). 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand

Likely/Controversially Present: Malaysia, Malaysia, West (Peninsular)

Comment

Formerly confused with Ingerophrynus parvus (its sister species) according to the original publication, where comparative adult and larval morphology, osteology, genetic markers (mtDNA), and advertisement calls, natural history, and conservation status were detailed. See Ingerophrynus parvus record for additional literature prior to 2025 when these species were considered to be one. See Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 329–332, and Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 181–183, for synonymy and discussion (as Bufo parvus). Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73, provided a brief characterization and photograph (as Bufo parvus). Reported for southwestern Cambodia (as Bufo parvus) by Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002, Raffles Bull. Zool., 50: 465–481. Neang and Holden, 2008, Field Guide Amph. Cambodia: 53, provided a photograph, brief account (as Ingerophrynus parvus) of identification, ecology, and range in Cambodia. Chan-ard, Seangthianchai, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 43, provided a record (as Ingerophrynus parvus) for Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 32–33, provided a brief account (as Ingerophrynus parvus) for eastern Thailand and photograph. Nidup, Wangkulangkul, Satasook, Bates, and Juthong, 2013, Proc. World Biodiversity Congr., 2013: 1–13, reported a population (as Ingerophrynus parvus) on Tarutao Island, Satun Province, Thailand, and detailed its advertisement call. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 85–162, a genetically-confirmed record from Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar and noted substantial genetic distance from the Malayan population, suggesting that this name covers a species complex (likely rectified by the recognition of Ingerophrynus chrysophorus––DRF). Srion, Wangkulangkul, and Aowphol, 2018, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth & Environm. Sci., 197 (012011): 1–7, reported on significant morphological divergence among populations (as Ingerophrynus parvus) in peninsular Thailand. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 186–187, provided a brief account (as Ingerophrynus parvus, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 49, provided photographs, a brief account (as Ingerophrynus parvus) for Thailand, and a range map. Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 29, provided a brief account (as Ingerophrynus parvus) for South Tanintharyi, peninsular Myanmar. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15, discussed (as Ingerophrynus parvus) identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. 

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