Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Ingerophrynus > Species: Ingerophrynus parvus

Bufo parvus Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 19: 346. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.21.72–82 (formerly 1886.12.28.42–51), MCZ 2208 (3 specimens, exchanged from BMNH according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 232), and MNHNP 1887.0123, according to Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 56; MSNG 29413 designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 212 (invalidly according to Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 190). Type locality: "within a radius of fifty miles from the town of Malacca", Malaysia (Malaya). Invalid lectotype from "Malewoon (Tenasserim)", Myanmar according to Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 212. Lectotype designation rejected by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 170, inasmuch as the locality data associated with it precludes its inclusion in the original syntypic series.

Bufo parvas — Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Ingerophrynus parvus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Common Names

Lesser Malacca Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Lesser Toad (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 48).

Straight-ridge Toad (Kiew, 1987, Malayan Nat. J., 41: 417).

Distribution

Malaya and Sumatra as well as extreme western Java, Indonesia; likely extending into extreme southern Thailand southeast of the Kangar-Pattani Line. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, West (Peninsular)

Likely/Controversially Present: Thailand

Comment

Prior to the revision Arkhipov, Pawangkhanant, Sarker, Gorin, Bragin, Nguyen, Hamidy, Muin, Kurniawan, Brown, Suwannapoom, Smith, and Poyarkov, 2025, Herpetozoa, Wien, 38: 271–297 (where comparative adult and larval morphology, advertisement call, genetic markers, and natural history were detailed), the bulk of the range of this nominal species included what is now the range of Ingerophrynus chrysolophus. Therefore, use literature published prior to 2025 with caution. In the Bufo biporcatus group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. See Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 50 (as Bufo parvus). See brief account (in the sense of including Ingerophrynus chrysolophus) and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 34–35. Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 103, briefly discussed location of types. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 48–49, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Shahriza and Jaafar, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population in Kedah, West Malaysia. Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 7, reported a specimen from the base of Mount Lawit, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and and reported on natural history and life history. Chan and Grismer, 2019, BMC Evol. Biol., 19(95): 3, suggested on the basis of sequence divergence between Myanmar and Peninsular Malaysia that this binominal represents a species complex (likely rectified by the recognition of Ingerophrynus chrysophorus––DRF). See comments by Chan, Muin, Anuar, Andam, Razak, and Aziz, 2019, Check List, 15: 1055–1069, who reported new localities in West Malaysia. Hui, Ngadi, Md-Zain, Md-Zairi, and Abdul-Latiff, 2020, Biodiversitas, 21: 2425–2429, reported the species from Pulau Tinggi, off the southeastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. Hong, Anuar, Grismer, and Quah, 2021, Check List, 17: 793, reported the species from Batu Hampar Recreational Forest, Kedah, West Malaysia. Reported from Penang Hill, Penang Island, West Malaysia by Sheridan, Akil, Gendu, Low, Zou, and Heng, 2021, In N. Ruppert et al., Biodiversity of Penang Hill: 234–240. 

  

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