Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Ingerophrynus > Species: Ingerophrynus parvus

Bufo parvus Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 19: 346. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.21.72–82 (formerly 1886.12.28.42–51), MCZ 2208 (3 specimens, exchanged from BMNH according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 232), and MNHNP 1887.0123, according to Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 56; MSNG 29413 designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 212 (invalidly according to Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 190). Type locality: "within a radius of fifty miles from the town of Malacca", Malaysia (Malaya). Invalid lectotype from "Malewoon (Tenasserim)", Myanmar according to Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 212. Lectotype designation rejected by Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 170, inasmuch as the locality data associated with it precludes its inclusion in the original syntypic series.

Bufo parvas — Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Ingerophrynus parvus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Common Names

Lesser Malacca Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Lesser Toad (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 48).

Straight-ridge Toad (Kiew, 1987, Malayan Nat. J., 41: 417).

Red Small Toad (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73).

Keel-headed Toad (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73).

Indochinese Dwarf Toad (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 92).

Stream Toad (Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 48).

Malayan Dwarf Toad (Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 29).

Dwarf Toad (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15). 

Distribution

Southern mainland Myanmar (Yangon) and southern peninsular Myanmar (Tanintharyi); isolated records in Thailand in Loei, Sisaket, Chon Buri, and Chanthaburi provinces and in southwestern Thailand south along the peninsula (including the off-shore island of Tarutao, Satun Province) to Malaya (including Pulau Tinggi, off the southeastern coast), Sumatra, and extreme western Java; Cardamom Mountains of southwestern Cambodia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand

Comment

See Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 329–332, and Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 181–183, for synonymy and discussion. See also Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 50. Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 58, thought Bufo parvus might be a subspecies of Ingerophrynus biporcatus, but see Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 46. In the Bufo biporcatus group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 34–35. Reported for southwestern Cambodia by Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002, Raffles Bull. Zool., 50: 465–481. Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 103, briefly discussed location of types. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 73, provided a brief characterization and photograph (as Bufo parvas). Neang and Holden, 2008, Field Guide Amph. Cambodia: 53, provided a photograph, brief account of identification, ecology, and range in Cambodia. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Chan-ard, Seangthianchai, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 43, provided a record for Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 32–33, provided a brief account for eastern Thailand and photograph. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 48–49, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Nidup, Wangkulangkul, Satasook, Bates, and Juthong, 2013, Proc. World Biodiversity Congr., 2013: 1–13, reported a population on Tarutao Island, Satun Province, Thailand, and detailed its advertisement call. Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population in Kedah, West Malaysia. Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 7, reported a specimen from the base of Mount Lawit, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and and reported on natural history and life history. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 85–162, a genetically-confirmed record from Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar and noted substantial genetic distance from the Malayan population, suggesting that this name covers a species complex. Srion, Wangkulangkul, and Aowphol, 2018, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth & Environm. Sci., 197 (012011): 1–7, reported on significant morphological divergence among populations in peninsular Thailand. Chan and Grismer, 2019, BMC Evol. Biol., 19(95): 3, suggested on the basis of sequence divergence between Myanmar and Peninsular Malaysia that this binominal represents a species complex. See comments by Chan, Muin, Anuar, Andam, Razak, and Aziz, 2019, Check List, 15: 1055–1069, who reported new localities in West Malaysia. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 186–187, provided a brief account (photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 49, provided photographs, a brief account for Thailand, and a range map. Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 29, provided a brief account for South Tanintharyi, peninsular Myanmar. Hui, Ngadi, Md-Zain, Md-Zairi, and Abdul-Latiff, 2020, Biodiversitas, 21: 2425–2429, reported the species from Pulau Tinggi, off the southeastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. Hong, Anuar, Grismer, and Quah, 2021, Check List, 17: 793, reported the species from Batu Hampar Recreational Forest, Kedah, West Malaysia. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 15, discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. 

  

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