Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Melanophryniscus montevidensis (Philippi, 1902)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Melanophryniscus > Species: Melanophryniscus montevidensis

Chaunus formosus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 87. Type(s): MNHNP, by original designation. Type locality: Not designated. Nomen nudum. Considered a synonym of Phryniscus nigricans by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 723 (their concept of which was based on specimens of Atelopus stelzneri according to Boulenger, 1894, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 14: 374). Synonymy by Langone and Lavilla, 2024, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 13: 22.

Bufo formosus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 646.

Phryniscus montevidensis Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 13. Type(s): None designated or known to exist; presumably not in the MNHNC. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay.

Melanophryniscus stelzneri montevidensis — Klappenbach, 1968, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 9: 2.

Melanophryniscus montevidensis — Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 175–176.

Rana tricolor Larrañaga, 2015, Biblioteca Artigas. Colección de Clásicos Uruguayos, I: 695. Holotype: deposition not noted. Type locality: “Buceo”, Departamento de Montevideo, Uruguay. Synonymy by Langone and Lavilla, 2024, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 13: 22

Common Names

Montevideo Redbelly Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 44).

Distribution

Coastal region in the departments of Canelones, Maldonado, Montevideo, and Rocha, Uruguay; Barra do Chui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil, Uruguay

Comment

In the Melanophryniscus stelzneri group of Cruz and Caramaschi, 2003, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 500: 1-11. See comment under Melanophryniscus atroluteus. Tedros, Kolenc, and Borteiro, 2001, Cuad. Herpetol., 15: 143, provided the Brazilian record. Langone, 1995 "1994", Mus. Damaso Antonio Larrañaga, Ser. Divulg. 5: 30-31, and Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 16, provided for the Uruguayan population a brief account. Maneyro and Kwet, 2008, Stuttgart. Beit. Naturkd., Ser. A, Neue Ser., 1: 95-121, provided comments on range and conservation status. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 196. Baldo in Vaira, Akmentins, Attademo, Baldo, Barrasso, Barrionuevo, Basso, Blotto, Cairo, Cajade, Céspedez, Corbalán, Chilote, Duré, Falcione, Ferraro, Gutierrez, Ingaramo, Junges, Lajmanovích, Lescano, Marangoni, Martinazzo, Marti, Moreno, Natale, Pérez Iglesias, Peltzer, Quiroga, Rosset, Sanabria, Sanchez, Schaefer, Úbeda, and Zaracho, 2012, Cuad. Herpetol., 26 (Supl. 1): 134, suggested that unnamed populations to the south of Buenos Aires, Argentina, may be referable to this species, although these have subsequently been named as Melanophryniscus diabolicus and Melanophryniscus nigricans. Agnolin and Guerrero, 2017, Check List, 13(4): 11–15, reported on local extinction in the eastern part of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Kwet, Maneyro, Zillikens, and Mebs, 2005, Salamandra, 41: 1–18, reported on the call. Baldo, Vera Candioti, Haad, Kolenc, Borteiro, Pereyra, Zank, Colombo, Bornschein, Sisa, Brusquetti, Conte, Nogueira-Costa, Almeida-Santos, and Pie, 2014, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 112: 417–441, reported on larval morphology. Zank, Becker, Abadie, Baldo, and Maneyro, 2014, PLoS One, E 9(4: e94625): 1–11, provided modeled distribution maps for the species under climate change. Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira, 2019, in Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira (eds.), Libro Rojo Anf. Rept. Uruguay: 23–28, provided an account for Uruguay and discussed the putative populations in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, now presumably associated with Melanophryniscus nigricans and/or Melanophryniscus diabolicus. Langone and Lavilla, 2024, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 13: 22–28, provided access to the literature of the species.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.