Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Peltophryne empusa Cope, 1862

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Peltophryne > Species: Peltophryne empusa

Peltaphryne empusa Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 344. Holotype: ANSP 2721, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 350. Type locality: "Cuban".

Otaspis empusa — Cope, 1869 "1868", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 312.

Peltaphryne empusa — Gundlach, 1880, Contr. Erpetol. Cubana: 87.

Bufo empusus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 326. Stejneger, 1905, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 28: 765.

Bufo taladai jaumei Vogel, 1965, Aquar. Terrar. Z., 12: 422. Nomen nudum.

Bufo taladai jaumei Vogel, 1968, Aquar. Terrar. Z., 15: 88. Holotype: CZACC 953, by original designation. Type locality: "Insel Isla de Pinos", Cuba. Given as "Cuba, Isla de Pinos, .... en las inmediaciones de la pequeña ciudad de Nueva Gerona" by Vogel, 1971, Poeyana, 89: 1-4. Synonymy by Moreno, 1969, Acad. Cienc. Cuba, Mus. Felipe Poey, Ser. Biol., 13: 10.

Peltophryne empusa — Pregill, 1981, Copeia, 1981: 273. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Bufo empusus — Hedges, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 100, by implication; Pramuk, 2000, J. Herpetol., 34: 334.

English Names

Cuban Toad (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 79; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 44).

Cope's Caribbean Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 45).

Cuban Small-eared Toad (Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 182; Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 8.

Distribution

Cuba and Isla de Pinos (= Isla de Juventud), island-wide in disjunct populations at elevations below 70 m.

Comment

Pramuk, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 121-151, reported on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, suggesting it to most closely related to Bufo peltocephalus and Bufo taladai than to other species. Alonso and Rodriguez, 2003, Phyllomedusa, 2: 75–82, reported on the advertisement call. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo empusus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 182. Díaz and Cádiz, 2008, Guía Taxon. Anf. Cuba: 1-294, provided an account, as Bufo empusus. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 25, summarized the natural history literature (as Bufo empusus). Rivalta González, Rodríguez Schettino, Mancina, and Iturriaga, 2014, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 145: 6, provided a dot map and localities. Rodriguez, Börner, Pabijan, Gehara, Haddad, and Vences, 2015, Evol. Ecol., 29: 765–785 (and supplemental data), reported on phylogeographic diversity and its causes.

External links:

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
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