Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Peltophryne guentheri (Cochran, 1941)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Peltophryne > Species: Peltophryne guentheri

Bufo gutturosus Latreille In Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 "An. X", Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 135. Types: Not stated; in the MNHNP according to Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 82, and who illustrated the type on pl. 34, fig. 2; and Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 166. Type locality: Not known. Synonymy with Bufo strumosus and Bufo granulosus by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 716.

Bufo strumosus Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 83-84, pl. 34, fig. 2. Types: Animal figured on pl. 34, fig. 2 of the original publication, stated to be in MNHNP but not confirmed recently. Type locality: Unknown. Synonymy (as "Bufo strumosus Daudin, 1803, Hist. Nat. Gen Part. Rept., 8: 166") by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 67 (with Bufo gutturosus); by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 324. Synonymy with "Bufo gutturosus Daudin" by Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 59. Preoccupied by Buffo strumosus Lacépède, 1788 (= Bufo bufo).

Bombinator strumosus — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 179.

Chascax strumosus — Ritgen, 1828, Nova Acta Phys. Med. Acad. Caesar Leopold Carol., Halle, 14: 278.

Phrynoidis gutturosus — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358.

Bufo (Peltophryne) gutturosus — Peters, 1877 "1876", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876: 709. Based on specimens of Peltophryne lemur according to Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 570.

Bufo güntheri Cochran, 1941, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 177: 8. Holotype: USNM 59081, by original designation. Type locality: "Port-au-Prince, [Département de l'Ouest,] Haiti".

Bufo güntheri güntheri — Schwartz, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 218.

Bufo guntheri — Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 80.

Bufo güntheri fractus Schwartz, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 218. Holotype: USNM 189235, by original designation. Type locality: "0.7 mi. (1.1 km) W Higüey, La Altagracia Province, República Dominica". Synonymy by Landestoy T., Turner, Marion, and Hedges, 2018, Zootaxa, 4403: 523.

Bufo guntheri fractus — Schwartz and Thomas, 1975, Spec. Publ. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 1: 12.

Peltophryne guntheri — Pregill, 1981, Copeia, 1981: 273.

Peltophryne guentheri — Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 74; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Peltaphryne guentheri guentheri — Schwartz and Henderson, 1985, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 74: 45.

Bufo guentheri — Hedges, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 100, by implication; Pramuk, 2000, J. Herpetol., 34: 334.

Common Names

Gunther's [sic] Caribbean Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 45).

Eastern Crested Toad (Peltophryne fracta [no longer recognized]: Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 183).

Southern Hispaniola Crestless Toad (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 8).

Distribution

Hispaniola in the lowlands of Haiti through the Cibao Valley, Paine de Cul de Sac (Haiti) into the Valle de Neiba and into the San Juan Valley and in the vicinity of Higüey(Dominican Republic), below 500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Dominican Republic, Haiti

Comment

Reviewed by Powell, 1992, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 535: 1-4 (as including Bufo fractus). Pramuk, 2002, Herpetol. Monogr., 16: 121-151, reported on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, suggesting it to be most closely related to Bufo lemur. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo guentheri) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 184. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 28–29, summarized the natural history literature (as Bufo empusus). Powell, 1993, Herpetol. Rev., 24: 135-137, suggested that Bufo guentheri fractus warranted binominal status. Subsequently, Powell, Ottenwalder, and Incháustegui, 1999, in Crother (ed.), Caribb. Amph. Rept.: 100, treated it as a distinct species. See comment under Bufo guentheri. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo fractus) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 183. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 27, summarized the natural history literature (as Bufo fractus). Ríos-López, 2023, In Rios-Lopez and Heatwole (eds.), Conserv. Biogeograph. Amph. Caribb.: 218–262, discussed conservation status and related issues in Haiti.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.