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Rhaebo ceratophrys (Boulenger, 1882)
Bufo ceratophrys Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 319, pl. 22, fig. 2. Holotype: BMNH 1880.12.5.151, according to Hoogmoed, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 40. Type locality: "Ecuador".
Rhinella ceratophrys — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.
English Names
Horned Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).
Distribution
Upper Amazonian Colombia, southern Venezuela (Cerro Neblina and Cerro Marahuaca), eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru (Loreto), and intervening border areas of western Amazonian Brazil.
Comment
See Hoogmoed, 1977, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 51: 265–275, and Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 113–123, for discussion. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 12–13, provided a brief account. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 7, noted that the only specimen from Venezuela is a juvenile from Temiche, and suggested identifying this from other members of Rhinella is sufficiently difficult as to require additional verification. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Latino Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature, as well as confusion in the literature with Rhinella nasica. Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc, and Vélez-Rodriguez, 2007, Zootaxa, 1663: 18, excluded this species from the Rhinella margaritifera group. Fenolio, Mendelson, and Lamar, 2012, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 7: 9–15, rediagnosed the species and provided additional data on adult variation, ecology, and range. Rojas-Runjaic, Camargo-Siliet, Carvalho, and La Marca, 2017, Check List, 13(1: 2035): 1–6, reported on new records from Venezuela and mapped the known range. Acosta-Galvis and Señaris, 2018, Vol. 6, Fauna Silvestre Escudo Guayanés: 86, noted the species in Guaviare and Caquetá Provinces, Colombia. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 15, for remarks on taxonomy, range, and literature. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. Pereira, Carvalho, Almeida, Rojas-Zamora, Gordo, Frazão, Ávila, and Menin, 2021, Herpetol. Notes, 14: 435–438, mapped records from western Amazonas, Brazil, and discussed the range. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 44–45, provided a brief account, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
- For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.