Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhaebo > Species: Rhaebo haematiticus

Bufo haematiticus Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 157. Syntypes: Not stated; USNM 48448–49 according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 34. Type locality: "Region of the Truando [Chocó], New Granada [Colombia]".

Bufo haematiticus var. lachrymans Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 158. Types: "Mus. Smithsonian, (No. 4344) Acad. Philada."; USNM 4344 considered a syntype according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 33, but ANSP specimen has not been located. Type locality: "Region of the Truando [Chocó], New Granada [Colombia]". Synonymy by Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 598.

Rhaebo haematiticus — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 357.

Bufo (Rhaebo) haematiticus — Keferstein, 1867, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 18: 353–354.

Bufo caeruleocellatus Fowler, 1913, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 65: 154. Holotype: ANSP 21092 (formerly 18069), according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 349. Type locality: "Bucay, province of Guayas, western Ecuador". Synonymy by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 80, and Hoogmoed, 1989, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 250: 27.

Rhaebo haematiticus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Common Names

Truando Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Blackbelly Toad (Bufo melanogaster [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Distribution

Humid lowlands and premontane slopes from eastern Honduras (Caribbean slopes) and from southern Costa Rica (Pacific versant) south to northern Colombia (western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental and eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central) and adjacent Venezuela in the Sierra de Perijá, to northwestern Ecuador, sea level to 1300 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela

Comment

See Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 598–601, for account. For a recent range extension see Cruz-Díaz and Wilson, 1983, Herpetol. Rev., 14: 31. Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 189, provided the Venezuela record. Lips and Savage, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 17–26, included this species (as Bufo haematiticus) in a key to the tadpoles found in Costa Rica.See accounts by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 198–199, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 177–179. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 38, summarized the departmental distribution in Honduras. See account by Mueses-Cisneros, 2009 "2008", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 5: 29–48, who redelimited the species, named one new species out of the complex, identified another unnamed species from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and provided a detailed account for the named species; see comments under Rhaebo hypomelas and Rhaebo andinophrynoides. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 115, compared this species to other toads in Central America and provided a range map and photograph. Sunyer, Martínez-Fonseca, Salazar-Saavedra, Galindo-Uribe, and Obando, 2014, Mesoam. Herpetol., 1: 165, provided records for the departments of Matagalpa and Chontales, Nicaragua. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 13–14, for remarks on distribution and literature and who suggested that the Venezuelan population might represent an unnamed species. Caicedo-Martínez, Castaño-Bernal, and Ramírez-Castaño, 2021, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 7: 81–89, provided a detailed account for the species in Colombia. Martínez-Fonseca, Holmes, Sunyer, Westeen, Grundler, Cerda, Fernández-Mena, Loza-Molina, Monagan, Nondorf, Pandelis, and Rabosky, 2024, Check List, 20: 64, provided a record from Refugio Bartola, Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua, 60 m elevation, and commented on mtDNA relationships.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.