Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella alata

Bufo alatus Thominot, 1884, Bull. Soc. Philomath., Paris, Ser. 7, 8: 151. Holotype: MNHNP 1884.285, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 12. Type locality: "Panama . . . . à Obispo".

Bufo typhonius alatus — Leavitt, 1933, Copeia, 1933: 8; Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 31; Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 9.

Bufo alatus — Hoogmoed, 1989, in Fontenet (ed.), Treballs Ictiol. Herpetol., 2: 170.

Bufo alatus — La Marca, 1997, in La Marca (ed.), Vert. Actual. Fosil. Venezuela: 103–120; Lötters and Köhler, 2000, Spixiana, München, 23: 300 (possible recognition); Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 19.

Rhinella alata — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Western Panama through Chocoan western Colombia to northwestern Ecuador, with an apparently isolated population in southwestern Ecuador.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama

Comment

Tentatively placed in the synonymy of Rhinella acutirostris (as Bufo) by Hoogmoed, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 149. Formerly in the synonymy of "Bufo typhonius" according to Boulenger, 1885, Zool. Rec., 21: 17. Suggested to not be conspecific with Bufo acutirostris by Lötters and Köhler, 2000, Spixiana, München, 23: 300; removed from the synonymy of Rhinella acutirostris by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 19, who commented on the range in Venezuela. The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of Rhinella are not well documented. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 9, disagreed with the separation of Rhinella alata (as Bufo) by La Marca, 1997, in La Marca (ed.), Vert. Actual. Fosil. Venezuela: 113, and Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 17, noted that no specifically identified vouchers exist for Venezuela. See comment under Rhinella margaritifera. Hoogmoed, 1989, in Fontenet (ed.), Treballs Ictiol. Herpetol., 2: 170, recognized (as Bufo) Rhinella alata, but thought there a possibility that it is identical with Rhinella acutirostris. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2004, in Rangel-Ch. (ed.), Colombia Diversidad Biótica IV: 654, documented a number of localities in northern Colombia. Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature and disagreed with the application of the name alatus to the northern Venezuelan form. On the basis of molecular and morphological data Santos, Ibáñez D., and Ron, 2015, ZooKeys, 501: 109–145, redelimited Rhinella alata to be restricted to Panama and Chocoan Colombia and Ecuador. In the Rhinella margaritifera clade, Rhinella margaritifera group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156. Armijos-Ojeda, Székely, Székely, Cogǎlniceanu, Cisneros-Heredia, Ordóñez-Delgado, Escudero, and Espinosa, 2021, ZooKeys, 1063: 37, provided a dot map for west-southwestern Ecuador. In the Rhinella margaritifera group, Rhinella acutirostris clade of Fouquet, Ferrão, Rodrigues, Werneck, Prates, Moraes, Hrbek, Chaparro, Lima, Perez, Pansonato, Carvalho, Almeida, Gordo, Farias, Milto, Roberto, Rojas-Zamora, Ron, Guerra Batista, Recoder, Camacho, Mamani, Rainha, and Ávila, 2024, Syst. Biodiversity, 22 (1, 2291086): 1–29.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.