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Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782)
Rana arunco Molina, 1782, Saggio Stor. Nat. Chili: 216. Types: Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "Chili"; given as "Penco, Talcahuano (Concepción)", Chile, by Cei, 1962, Batr. Chile: 45.
Bufo arunco — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 226; Cei, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 82–92.
Bufo chilensis Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 51, 88. Syntypes: MNHNP 4932 (Coquimbo, Chili), 4933–34 (Chili), 4935–35a (Valapaiso); restricted (apparently) to MNHNP 4935 (from Valapaiso) by Ortiz and Lescure, 1990 "1989", Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 11: 115. Type locality: "Chili"; restricted to Valapaiso, Chile, by Ortiz and Lescure, 1990 "1989", Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 11: 115, by lectotype designation. Synonymy by Cei, 1972 "1971", Acta Zool. Lilloana, 28: 93 (but employed the name Bufo chilensis) and Ortiz and Lescure, 1990 "1989", Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Sect. A, Zool., 11: 115.
Bufo chilensis — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 678.
Pleurodema arunco — Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 420.
Phryne chilensis — Fitzinger, 1861 "1860", Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 42: 415.
Bufo spinulosus arunco — Cei, 1962 "1961", Invest. Zool. Chilen., 7: 59–81.
Bufo arunco arunco — Cei, 1962 "1961", Invest. Zool. Chilen., 7: 77.
Bufo spinulosus chilensis — Gallardo, 1965, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 17: 62.
Chaunus arunco — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364; Savage and Bolaños, 2009, Zootaxa, 2005: 4, by implication.
Rhinella arunco — Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 211, by implication.
Rhinella chilensis — Pramuk, Robertson, Sites, and Noonan, 2008, Global Ecol. Biogeograph., 17: 76.
English Names
Arunco (Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 175).
Concepcion Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 40).
Distribution
Central Chilean arid steppe from Huentelauquén (Región do Coquimbo) to Puren (Region de La Araucanía), Chile.
Comment
In the Bufo spinulosus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 57. Considered a senior synonym of Rhinella spinulosa (as Bufo) by Cei, 1958, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 4: 274, and Cei, 1962, Batr. Chile: 45, but recognized as a distinct species by Cei, 1972 "1971", Acta Zool. Lilloana, 28: 91; and Cei, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 83 (as Bufo chilensis). Veloso, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Correa-Quezada, and Méndez, 2012, J. Herpetol., 46: 568–577, discussed hybridization with Rhinella atacamensis. Correa-Quezada, Méndez-Torres, Araya, Lobos, and Palma, 2013, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., 86: 115–125, reported on hybridization with Rhinella atacamensis. See Lobos, Vidal-Maldonado, Correa-Quezada, Labra-Lillo, Díaz-Páez, Charrier, Rabanal, Díaz-Vidal, and Tala, 2013, Anf. Chile Conserv. 1–104, for photograph, comments on conservation status, and range. In the Rhinella marina clade, Rhinella arunco group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156, who reported on molecular and morphological phylogenetics.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.