Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella beebei

Bufo granulosus beebei Gallardo, 1965, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 134: 114. Holotype: AMNH 55774, by original designation. Type locality: "Churchill-Roosevelt Hwy, Trinidad, B.W.I." Synonym by Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 43.

Bufo granulosus barbouri Gallardo, 1965, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 134: 115. Holotype: RMNH 10867, by original designation. Type locality: "Porlamar, Isla Margarita", Venezuela. Synonymy with Rhinella humboldti by Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 72. Provisional synonymy here by implication of the biogeographical and distributional statements by Murphy, Angarita-Sierra, Downie, and Jowers, 2017, Salamandra, 53: 267–278. 

Bufo beebei — Rivero, Langone, and Prigioni, 1986, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11: 2.

Chaunus beebei — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364; Savage and Bolaños, 2009, Zootaxa, 2005: 4, by implication.

Rhinella beebei — Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 211, by implication.

English Names

North Coastal Granular Toad (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 9). 

Distribution

Coastal northeastern Colombia east to Venezuela north of the Orinoco to Guyana and Surinam; Trinidad. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Comment

The status of populations east of Venezuela requires confirmation. Rhinella beebei was elevated (as Bufo beebei) from subspecies status under Bufo granulosus by Rivero, Langone, and Prigioni, 1986, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11: 2. Kenny, 1969, Stud. Fauna Curaçao and other Caribb. Is., 29: 57-59, and Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 57-58, provided accounts for Trinidad. Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 1-73, revised the Rhinella granulosa group, provided an account for this species, and placed Rhinella beebei into the synonymy of Rhinella humboldtiMurphy, Angarita-Sierra, Downie, and Jowers, 2017, Salamandra, 53: 267–278, redelimited the species as comprised of populations east of the Andes formerly assigned to Rhinella humboldti.  Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 8, commented on the state of knowledge in Venezuela (as Bufo granulosus humboldti) as did Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 8, and Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature. See account for Suriname population (as Rhinella granulosa) by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 56-58. Ugueto and Rivas-Fuenmayor, 2010, Amph. Rep. Margarita Coche Cubagua: 66-68, provided an account for the population (as Rhinella humboldti) on the Venezuelan island of Margarita, but noted its morphological distinctiveness from the mainland population. Acosta-Galvis and Señaris, 2018, Vol. 6, Fauna Silvestre Escudo Guayanés: 86, noted the species in Guaviare and Vichada Provinces, Colombia. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 15, for remarks on taxonomy, range, and literature. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. In the Rhinella marina clade, Rhinella granulosa group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156 (who noted the Guyana record, p. 146). Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 1–17, did not mention this species as being part of the French Guiana fauna. 

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