Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella beebei

Bufo granulosus beebei Gallardo, 1965, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 134: 114. Holotype: AMNH 55774, by original designation. Type locality: "Churchill-Roosevelt Hwy, Trinidad, B.W.I." Synonym by Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 43.

Bufo granulosus barbouri Gallardo, 1965, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 134: 115. Holotype: RMNH 10867, by original designation. Type locality: "Porlamar, Isla Margarita", Venezuela. Synonymy with Rhinella humboldti by Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 72. Provisional synonymy here by implication of the biogeographical and distributional statements by Murphy, Angarita-Sierra, Downie, and Jowers, 2017, Salamandra, 53: 267–278.

Bufo beebei — Rivero, Langone, and Prigioni, 1986, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11: 2.

Chaunus beebei — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364; Savage and Bolaños, 2009, Zootaxa, 2005: 4, by implication.

Rhinella beebei — Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 211, by implication.

English Names

North Coastal Granular Toad (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 9).

Distribution

Coastal northeastern Colombia east to Venezuela north of the Orinoco to Guyana and Surinam; Trinidad.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Comment

The status of populations east of Venezuela requires confirmation. Rhinella beebei was elevated (as Bufo beebei) from subspecies status under Bufo granulosus by Rivero, Langone, and Prigioni, 1986, Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 11: 2. Kenny, 1969, Stud. Fauna Curaçao and other Caribb. Is., 29: 57-59, and Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 57-58, provided accounts for Trinidad. Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2009, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 40: 1-73, revised the Rhinella granulosa group, provided an account for this species, and placed Rhinella beebei into the synonymy of Rhinella humboldti. Murphy, Angarita-Sierra, Downie, and Jowers, 2017, Salamandra, 53: 267–278, redelimited the species as comprised of populations east of the Andes formerly assigned to Rhinella humboldti. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 8, commented on the state of knowledge in Venezuela (as Bufo granulosus humboldti) as did Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 8, and Barrio-Amorós, 2004, Rev. Ecol. Lat. Am., 9: 3, noted Venezuelan distribution and relevant literature. See account for Suriname population (as Rhinella granulosa) by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 56-58. Ugueto and Rivas-Fuenmayor, 2010, Amph. Rep. Margarita Coche Cubagua: 66-68, provided an account for the population (as Rhinella humboldti) on the Venezuelan island of Margarita, but noted its morphological distinctiveness from the mainland population. Acosta-Galvis and Señaris, 2018, Vol. 6, Fauna Silvestre Escudo Guayanés: 86, noted the species in Guaviare and Vichada Provinces, Colombia. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 15, for remarks on taxonomy, range, and literature. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. In the Rhinella marina clade, Rhinella granulosa group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156 (who noted the Guyana record, p. 146). Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 1–17, did not mention this species as being part of the French Guiana fauna.

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