Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella inca

Common Names

Inca Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Distribution

Central Peru in the departments of Ayaucho and Cuzco, 900–1900 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Peru

Endemic: Peru

Comment

Considered distinct by Cei, 1968, Pearce-Sellards Ser., 13: 12, but considered a synonym of Rhinella veraguensis (as Bufo) by Barbour and Noble, 1920, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 609–620; and Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 116. Resurrected by Duellman and Schulte, 1992, Copeia, 1992: 162–172, who reported sympatry with Rhinella veraguensis and placed this species in their Bufo veraguensis group. In the Rhinella margaritifera clade, Rhinella veraguensis group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156. Köhler, Vences, Padial, Plewnia, and Lötters, 2023, Salamandra, 59: 321, provided a dot map of the species. 

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