Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella poeppigii

Bufo Poeppigii Tschudi, 1845, Arch. Naturgesch., 11: 169. Type(s): Not designated; MHNN 90.77 is a type according to museum records. Type locality: "Republica Peruana"; given as "in den Montañas von Monobamba", Peru according to Tschudi, 1846 "1845", Untersuch. Fauna Peruana, Herpetol.: 75.

Bufo molitor Tschudi, 1845, Arch. Naturgesch., 11: 169. Types not designated but MHNN 90.87 according to museum records and presumably including frog illustrated by Tschudi, 1846 "1845", Untersuch. Fauna Peruana, Herpetol.: pl. 12. Type locality: "Republica Peruana"; given as "in den peruanischen Wäldern" by Tschudi, 1846 "1845", Untersuch. Fauna Peruana, Herpetol.: 75. Synonymy by Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 624; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 138. Stejneger IN Barbour, 1920, Am. Nat., 54: 286; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 105, considered this a synonym of Bufo marinus. Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 18, considered this synonymous with Bufo andianus Cope and Rana marginata Linnaeus.

Docidophryne Lazarus — Fitzinger, 1861 "1860", Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 42: 415.

Phrynoidis agua — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358.

Phrynoidis molitor — Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358.

Bufo andianus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 115. Syntypes: USNM 4350 and 6112 (3 specimens), lost; not mentioned in USNM type list of Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220. Type locality: "Carthagena, New Grenada [= Colombia]". Synonymy (with Bufo molitor) by Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 624; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 315; (with Bufo poeppigii) by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 138. Thought by some authors (e.g., Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 623; Easteal, 1986, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 395: 1) to be a junior synonym of Bufo marinus.

Bufo marinus andinensis Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 14. Syntypes: 4 specimens, including NHMG 457 (2 specimens), according to museum records. Type locality: "Roque, Peru".

Bufo marinus poeppigi — Mertens, 1952, in Titschacke (ed.), Beiträge von Fauna Perus, 3: 259; Vellard, 1959, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado, 8: 35; Cei, Erspamer, and Roseghini, 1968, Syst. Zool., 17: 239; Henle, 1985, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 20: 167-173.

Bufo poeppigii — Duellman and Schulte, 1992, Copeia, 1992: 168.

Chaunus poeppigii — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364; Savage and Bolaños, 2009, Zootaxa, 2005: 4, by implication.

Rhinella poeppigii — Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007, Herpetologica, 63: 211, by implication; Pramuk, Robertson, Sites, and Noonan, 2008, Global Ecol. Biogeograph., 17: 76.

English Names

Gray Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Distribution

Montane cloud forests on the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, 800-1670 m; reported from the Serranía de Sira in Amazonian Peru and Assis Brasil, in the state of Acre, Brazil.

Comment

In the Bufo marinus group of Blair, 1972, Evol. Genus Bufo: 345. The synonymy of Bufo poeppigi with Bufo marinus (most recently by Henle, 1985, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 20: 167-173), was rejected by Duellman and Schulte, 1992, Copeia, 1992: 162-172. Chaunus poeppigii had been considered a subspecies of Bufo marinus by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 81. Not occurring in Colombia according to Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Lynch, 1996, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 20: 368. See brief account by Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 85-86. De la Riva, 2002, Graellsia, 58: 49-57, discussed the validity and distinctiveness of this species with respect to the similar Bufo marinus. Kwet, Di-Bernardo, and Maneyro, 2006, Iheringia, Zool., 96: 479-485, provided a key to distinguish this species from other members of the Rhinella marina group. Maciel, Garcia, Colli, and Schwartz, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 57: 787-797, reported on the molecular phylogenetics of this species, suggesting that it is the sister species of Rhinella schneideri. Venegas and Ron, 2014, Herpetol. Notes, 7: 713–716, reported records for Ecuador and provided a range map. Venâncio, Freitas, Abegg, and Kokubum, 2017, Check List, 13(6): 747–750, reported the species from Assis, Acre, Brazil, and discussed the range. Freitas, Venâncio, Abegg, Azevedo, Pereira, Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Amorim, and Moura, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 33–48, discussed the species in Estação Ecológica Rio Acre, Assis, Acre, Brazil. In the Rhinella marina clade, Rhinella marina group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.