Rhinella proboscidea (Spix, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Rhinella > Species: Rhinella proboscidea

Bufo (Oxyrhynchus) proboscideus Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 52. Type(s): Not designated, although including animal figured on pl. 21, fig. 4 of the original publication. ZSM 1145/0 is holotype according to Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 319–415, and Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 162. Type locality: "flumen Solimoens" (= Rio Solimoes), Brazil.

Oxyrhynchus proboscideus — Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 39; Jiménez de la Espada, 1875, Vert. Viaje Pacif. Verif. 1862–1865: 178.

Rhinella proboscidea — Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 39.

Bufo (Rhinella) proboscideus — Cuvier, 1829, Regne Animal., Ed. 2, 2: 111, by implication.

Eurhina proboscideus — Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 32.

Bufo proboscideus — Hoogmoed, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 147–150. Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 117–120.

Rhinella proboscidea — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 366.

Common Names

Snouted Toad (Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 2: xxxi). 

Sapo Narizón (Spanish: Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 2: xxxi).

Distribution

Amazonian Peru to Manaus, Brazil, and Ecuador in Pastaza Province (836 m elevation); Caquetá, Colombia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Comment

See discussion by Hoogmoed, 1986, in Rocek (ed.), Studies in Herpetol.: 147-150, and Hoogmoed, 1990, in Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vert. Tropics: 117-120, who noted that this species was referred to erroneously as Bufo dapsilis by Zimmerman and Bogart, 1988, J. Herpetol., 22: 97-108, who reported on calls and who removed it from the synonymy of Rhinella margaritifera (referred to as Bufo typhonius), where it had been placed by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 315.The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of Rhinella are not well documented. See comment under Rhinella margaritifera. Osorno-Muñoz, Gutiérrez-Lamus, and Blanco, 2011, Rev. Colomb. Amazon., 4: 143–160, reported the species from Caquetá Department, Colombia. Bruschi, Sousa, Soares, Carvalho, Busin, Ficanha, Lima, Andrade, and Recco-Pimentel, 2019, Genet. Mol. Biol., 42: 445-451, reported on karyotype. In the Rhinella margaritifera clade, Rhinella margaritifera group of Pereyra, Blotto, Baldo, Chaparro, Ron, Elias-Costa, Iglesias, Venegas, Thomé, Ospina-Sarria, Maciel, Rada, Kolenc, Borteiro, Rivera-Correa, Rojas-Runjaic, Moravec, De la Riva, Wheeler, Castroviejo-Fisher, Grant, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2021, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 447: 1–156. Ferrão, Souza, Colatreli, Hanken, and Lima, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (1: 2039317): 11, detailed the advertisement call and morphometrics from Manaus, Brazil. Schiesari, Rossa-Feres, Menin, and Hödl, 2022, Zootaxa, 5223: 33–34, detailed larval and metamorph morphology and natural history in central Amazonia, Brazil. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 48–49, provided a brief account (as Rhinella aff. proboscidea), dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru. Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 2: 308–309, provided an account, with photographs, which summarized identification, adult morphology, systematics, natural history, distribution (including a dot map for Ecuador), and conservation.  

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