Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sclerophrys pentoni (Anderson, 1893)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Sclerophrys > Species: Sclerophrys pentoni

Bufo pentoni Anderson, 1893, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 12: 440. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.21.90–92 (formerly 97.10.28.661–63) according to Grandison, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 56. Type locality: "Shaata Gardens, situated about one mile outside Suakin", eastern Sudan.

Bufo pentoni pentoni — Balletto and Cherchi, 1973, Boll. Mus. Ist. Biol. Univ. Genova, 41: 105–119, by fiat.

"Bufo" pentoni — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.

Amietophrynus pentoni — Portik and Papenfuss, 2015, BMC Evol. Biol., 15 (152): 1.

Sclerophrys pentoni — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

English Names

Penton's Toad (Flower, 1933, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1933: 839; Barnett, Emms, and Santoni, 2001, Herpetol. Bull., London, 77: 7).

Shaata Gardens Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Distribution

South of the Sahara in dry savanna and semi-desert from Gambia, Senegal, and southern Mauritania eastward to the Red Sea coast of Sudan (possibly including extreme northern South Sudan), Eritrea and Djibouti; in the Sahara, at the Trarza region (Mauritania) and Air mountains (Niger); expected in northern Central African Republic, Chad, northern Ivory Coast, Togo, and northern Ethiopia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan

Likely/Controversially Present: Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Somalia, Togo

Comment

In the Bufo pentoni group of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 160. See Balletto and Cherchi, 1973, Boll. Mus. Ist. Biol. Univ. Genova, 41: 105–119, for distribution and analysis of characters. Records of this species from the Arabian Peninsula refer to Bufo tihamicus. See account by Perret, 1966, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 93: 317–318. See Salvador, 1996, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 109, for account of North African population. Rödel, 2000, Herpetofauna W. Afr., 1: 62–64, provided an account. Barnett, Emms, and Santoni, 2001, Herpetol. Bull., London, 77: 7, provided the Gambia record. Padial and De la Riva, 2004, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 18: 91, provided a record from Mauritania. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, suggested that this species is not a member of the monophyletic taxon Bufo (the former Bufo bufo group), but could not allocate this species to any of the other genera either, instead leaving this species in a non-taxon "Bufo". Wanger, 2005, Salamandra, 41: 27–33, provided Gambia records. Nago, Grell, Sinsin, and Rödel, 2006, Salamandra, 42: 93–108, provided records for Benin. Mauritania, and Niger. Emms, Jambang, Bah, Mankali, Rödel, and Barnett, 2005, Herpetol. Bull., London, 94: 6–16, provided records for Gambia. See account (as Bufo pentoni), photograph, and map for Eritrea by Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 72–73. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 140, commented on tadpole morphology. Padial, Crochet, Géniez, and Brito, 2013, Basic & Appl. Herpetol., 27: 11–22, discussed systematics, distribution, and conservation status in Mauritania. Sow, Gonçalves, Sousa, Martínez-Freiría, Santarém, Velo-Antón, Dieng, Campos, Diagne, Boratyński, and Brito, 2017, Basic & Appl. Herpetol., 31: 101–116, reported the species from extreme southeastern Mauritania. See detailed account for Mauritania by Escoriza and Ben Hassine, 2019, Amph. N. Afr.: 239–243. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 58–59, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Ayoro, Segniagbeto, Hema, Penner, Oueda, Dubois, Rödel, Kabré, and Ohler, 2020, Zoosystema, 42: 547–582, discussed records, identification, and habitat in Burkina Faso.

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