Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sclerophrys superciliaris (Boulenger, 1888)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Sclerophrys > Species: Sclerophrys superciliaris

Bufo superciliaris Boulenger, 1888 "1887", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887: 565. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.21.41–49 (formerly 87.12.21.10–18), according to Grandison, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 61. Type locality: "Rio del Rey, Cameroons", Africa.

Bufo laevissimus Werner, 1897, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. München, 27: 212. Syntypes: Not designated; ZSM 148/1989/1–2 (2 juveniles) and ZSM 1113.0 (lost) by museum records according to Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 161. Type locality: "Kamerun". Synonymy with Bufo superciliaris by Boulenger, 1900, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900: 436.

Bufo superciliosus — Werner, 1897, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. München, 27: 214. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Amietophrynus superciliaris — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Amietophrynus superciliaris superciliaris — Barej, Schmitz, Menegon, Hillers, Hinkel, Böhme, and Rödel, 2011, Zootaxa, 2772: 9.

Sclerophrys superciliaris — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

Common Names

Cameroon Toad (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 97; USFWS; CITES).

Horned Toad (Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 74).

Distribution

Southeastern Nigeria south through western Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea to northern Gabon and northern Rep. Congo; Uigé Province of northwestern Angola. An isolated record in southwestern Central African Republic may refer to this species or to Sclerophrys channingi. Expected in northwetern Dem. Rep. Congo.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Republic of the, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria

Likely/Controversially Present: Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Comment

The west African population, formerly known as Sclerophrys superciliaris chevalieri is now recognized as a distinct species. See account in Perret, 1966, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 93: 312–313 (in the sense of including what is now Sclerophrys channingi). In the Bufo superciliaris group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 62, and Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 160. Gabon records by Lötters, Gossmann, Obame, and Böhme, 2001, Herpetofauna, Weinstadt, 23: 22, and Frétey and Blanc, 2002 "2001", Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 126: 380, reported this species from Gabon. See brief comments by Rödel, Bangoura, and Böhme, 2004, Herpetozoa, Wien, 17: 108, regarding range and natural history. Schiøtz, 1963, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 125: 22, provided records for Nigeria. Barej, Schmitz, Menegon, Hillers, Hinkel, Böhme, and Rödel, 2011, Zootaxa, 2772: 1–32, provided the most recent revision, recognizing the eastern Dem. Rep. Congo population as Amietophrynus channingi, and the populations in the eastern and western Guinean forest blocks as, respectively, Amietophrynus superciliaris chevalieri and Amietophrynus superciliaris superciliaris. Jongsma, Tobi, Dixon-MacCallum, Bamba-Kaya, Yoga, Mbega, Mve Beh, Emrich, and Blackburn, 2017, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 11 (1: e144): 8–9, provided a record for southeastern Gabon and briefly discussed habitat and range. Dewynter and Frétey, 2019, Cah. Fondation Biotope, 27 : 18, summarized the literature for Gabon and provided photographs (p. 53). Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 74–75, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. See brief account, range map, and photographs for Equatorial Guinea in Sánchez-Vialas, Calvo-Revuelta, Castroviejo-Fisher, and De la Riva, 2020, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 66: 137–230. Ernst, Lautenschläger, Branquima, and Hölting, 2020, Zoosyst. Evol., 96: 251, noted the species to occur in Uigé Province of northwestern Angola, and suggested that revisionary work is warranted.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.