Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sclerophrys togoensis (Ahl, 1924)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Sclerophrys > Species: Sclerophrys togoensis

Bufo togoensis Ahl, 1924, Arch. Naturgesch., Abt. A,, 90: 253. Syntypes: ZMB (8 specimens), unnumbered according to the original publication; one of these now MCZ 19576 (on exchange from ZMB) according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 85. Type locality: "Bismarkburg [= Adele], Togo".

Bufo cristiglans Inger and Menzies, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 589. Holotype: FMNH 109741, by original designation. Type locality: "Tingi Hills, Sierra Leone", West Africa. Referred to the synonymy of Bufo latifrons, without discussion, by Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Synonymy by Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 21.

Bufo christiglans — Schiøtz, 1964, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 127: 21. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Amietophrynus cristiglans — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Amietophrynus togoensis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Sclerophrys togoensis — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

Sclerophrys cristiglans — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

Common Names

Togo Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Tingi Hills Toad (Sclerophrys cristiglans [no longer recognized}: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).

Distribution

Western Togo westward through Ghana and Ivory Coast to Sierra Leone, Liberia, and southeastern Guinea.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo

Comment

In the Bufo latifrons group of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Placed in the synonymy of Bufo latifrons, without discussion, by Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. See also Joger, 1981, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 32: 297–340. Rödel and Branch, 2002, Salamandra, 38: 251, reported the spaces in Ivory Coast, and suggested that the mutual taxonomic status of Bufo togoensis, Bufo camerunensis, and Bufo cristiglans requires careful reevaluation. See comments by Rödel and Bangoura, 2004, Tropical Zool., 17: 207–208, regarding the status of Amietophrynus cristiglans and Amietophrynus togoensis. See comment under Amietophrynus camerunensis. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo togoensis) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 612. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 137–138, reported on comparative tadpole morphology. Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 21, reported this species from the Krahn-Basa Proposed Protected Area in southeastern Liberia and the Foya Proposed Protected Area in western Liberia. Gongomin, Kouamé, and Rödel, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 501–508, reported the species from south-eastern Ivory Coast in the Mabi and Yaya Classified Forests, leaving these and the population in Taï National Park in the western part of the country as the only known and remaining Ivorian habitats of this species. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 70–71, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Kanga, Kouamé, Zogbass, Gongomin, Agoh, Kouamé, Konan, Adepo-Gourène, Gourène, and Rödel, 2021, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 15: 71–107, commented on conservation status, identification, range, and habitat on the Ivory Coast side of Mont Nimba. Segniagbeto, Ohler, Rödel, Luiselli, and Dubois, 2024, Zoosystema, 46: 639–640, provided an account for Togo, discussing habitat, distribution, conservation status, and identification.

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist