Sclerophrys togoensis (Ahl, 1924)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Sclerophrys > Species: Sclerophrys togoensis

Bufo togoensis Ahl, 1924, Arch. Naturgesch., Abt. A,, 90: 253. Syntypes: ZMB (8 specimens), unnumbered according to the original publication; one of these now MCZ 19576 (on exchange from ZMB) according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 85. Type locality: "Bismarkburg [= Adele], Togo".

Bufo cristiglans Inger and Menzies, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 589. Holotype: FMNH 109741, by original designation. Type locality: "Tingi Hills, Sierra Leone", West Africa. Referred to the synonymy of Bufo latifrons, without discussion, by Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Synonymy by Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 21. 

Bufo christiglans — Schiøtz, 1964, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 127: 21. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Amietophrynus cristiglans — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Amietophrynus togoensis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

Sclerophrys togoensis — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9.

Sclerophrys cristiglans — Ohler and Dubois, 2016, PeerJ, 4(e1553): 9. 

English Names

Togo Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).

Tingi Hills Toad (Sclerophrys cristiglans [no longer recognized}: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).

Distribution

Western Togo westward through Ghana and Ivory Coast to Sierra Leone, Liberia, and southeastern Guinea.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo

Comment

In the Bufo latifrons group of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Placed in the synonymy of Bufo latifrons, without discussion, by Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. See also Joger, 1981, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 32: 297–340. Rödel and Branch, 2002, Salamandra, 38: 251, reported the spaces in Ivory Coast, and suggested that the mutual taxonomic status of Bufo togoensis, Bufo camerunensis, and Bufo cristiglans requires careful reevaluation. See comments by Rödel and Bangoura, 2004, Tropical Zool., 17: 207–208, regarding the status of Amietophrynus cristiglans and Amietophrynus togoensis. See comment under Amietophrynus camerunensis. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo togoensis) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 612. Channing, Rödel, and Channing, 2012, Tadpoles of Africa: 137–138, reported on comparative tadpole morphology. Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 21, reported this species from the Krahn-Basa Proposed Protected Area in southeastern Liberia and the Foya Proposed Protected Area in western Liberia. Gongomin, Kouamé, and Rödel, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 501–508, reported the species from south-eastern Ivory Coast in the Mabi and Yaya Classified Forests, leaving these and the population in Taï National Park in the western part of the country as the only known and remaining Ivorian habitats of this species. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 70–71, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Kanga, Kouamé, Zogbass, Gongomin, Agoh, Kouamé, Konan, Adepo-Gourène, Gourène, and Rödel, 2021, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 15: 71–107, commented on conservation status, identification, range, and habitat on the Ivory Coast side of Mont Nimba. 

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