Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Lepidobatrachus asper Budgett, 1899

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ceratophryidae > Genus: Lepidobatrachus > Species: Lepidobatrachus asper

Lepidobatrachus asper Budgett, 1899, Q. J. Microsc. Sci., 42: 329. Syntypes: Not stated; BMNH 1919.4.23.1 (renumbered 1947.2.17.34) and 1899.10.28.1 (renumbered 1947.2.17.33), according to museum records. Type locality: "Paraguayan Chaco".

Ceratophrys aspera — Boulenger, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 3: 532.

Lepidobatrachus asper — Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 370.

Lepidobatrachus salinicola Reig and Cei, 1963, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 198. Holotype: LIHUBA 630/1, by original designation, now in MACN. Type locality: "charcos al borde del camino, a 4 km al S de la localidad de Río Saladillo (Santiago del Estero)", Argentina. Synonymy by Barrio, 1968, Physis, Buenos Aires, 27: 445-454.

Common Names

Paraguay Horned Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 81).

Distribution

Chaco of Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay (Departments Central, Presidente Hayes, and Alto Paraguay), and northern Argentina (provinces of Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Santa Fe, and Santiago del Estero), up to 200 m elevation; expected in southeastern Bolivia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

Likely/Controversially Present: Bolivia

Comment

Last revised by Barrio, 1968, Physis, Buenos Aires, 27: 445-454, and Barrio, 1968, Physis, Buenos Aires, 28: 96-106 (who described the advertisement call). Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 15, briefly discussed the range in Paraguay. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 622. Sugai, Faggioni, Piatti, Lemos, Souza, and Prado, 2013, Check List, 9:133-135, provided the first record for Brazil (Municipality of Porto Murtinho, Mato Gross do Sul), and provided a range map. Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 50, provided a brief account, image, and dot map for Paraguay. Faivovich, Nicoli, Blotto, Pereyra, Baldo, Barrionuevo, Fabrezi, Wild, and Haddad, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9: 207–227, suggested that Lepidobatrachus asper is the sister taxon of Lepidobatrachus laevis + Lepidobatrachus llanensis.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.