Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Colostethus Cope, 1866

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Colostethinae > Genus: Colostethus

12 species

Colostethus Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 130. Type species: Phyllobates latinasus Cope, 1863, by original designation.

Prostherapis Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 96-140. Type species: Prostherapis inguinalis Cope, 1868, by monotypy. Synonymy with Phyllobates (sensu lato) by Cochran, 1966, Mem. Inst. Butantan, São Paulo, 33: 61-65. Synonymy with Colostethus by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 751; Edwards, 1971, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 84: 147-162; Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 165.

Prestherapis — Donoso-Barros, 1965, Not. Mens. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Santiago, 102: 1. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Prostherapis.

Common Names

Rocket Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 48).

Distribution

Eastern two-thirds of Panama to throughout most of Andean Colombia, south to central Ecuador; isolated population in northern Peru.

Comment

See Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 1–268, for delimitation of this genus and its taxonomic history. Santos, Coloma, Summers, Caldwell, Ree, and Cannatella, 2009, PLoS Biol., 7(3: e1000056): 1–14, discussed phylogenetics and biogeography and suggested that Colostethus as currently recognized is paraphyletic with respect to Ameerega. In associated electronic text (Santos, Coloma, Summers, Caldwell, Ree, and Cannatella, 2009, PLoS Biol., 7(3)e56: 44), they restricted Colostethus to the group containing Colostethus latinasus (the type-species), while the group composed of Colostethus fraterdanieli, Colostethus argyrogaster and Colostethus fugax, was obtained as the sister taxon of Ameerega, rendering Colostethus (sensu lato) paraphyletic. They did not name the "Colostethus" group close to Ameerega, but presumably will in the future. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, confirmed the results of Santos et al., 2009, but did not remedy the paraphyly. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 130–131, provided a key to the species in Central America and provided a map and photographs of this species. Grant, Rada, Anganoy-Criollo, Batista, Dias, Jeckel, Machado, and Rueda-Almonacid, 2017, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 12 (Special Issue): 1–90, noted that the Colostethus ruthveni group (Colostethus ruthveni and an unnamed species) sits within Dendrobatinae.

Contained taxa (12 sp.):

Colostethus agilis Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1985

Colostethus furviventris Rivero and Serna, 1991

Colostethus imbricolus Silverstone, 1975

Colostethus inguinalis (Cope, 1868)

Colostethus jacobuspetersi Rivero, 1991

Colostethus latinasus (Cope, 1863)

Colostethus lynchi Grant, 1998

Colostethus mertensi (Cochran and Goin, 1964)

Colostethus panamansis (Dunn, 1933)

Colostethus pratti (Boulenger, 1899)

Colostethus thorntoni (Cochran and Goin, 1970)

Colostethus ucumari Grant, 2007

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