Epipedobates tricolor (Boulenger, 1899)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Colostethinae > Genus: Epipedobates > Species: Epipedobates tricolor

Prostherapis tricolor Boulenger, 1899, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 4: 455. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.14.16–19 (originally numbered 1899.10.30.17–20 according to museum records); BMNH 1947.2.14.18 designated lectotype by Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 33. Type locality: "Porvenir, Bolivar, western slope, about 5800 feet [1769 m]", Ecuador.

Phyllobates tricolorBarbour and Noble, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 401. Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 6.

Dendrobates tricolorMyers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 161: 332.

Epipedobates tricolorMyers, 1987, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 36: 303.

Colostethus paradoxus Rivero, 1991, Breviora, 493: 20. Holotype: MCZ 103924, by original designation. Type locality: "Lamtac, Cuenca, 2,535 m, Provincia Azuay, Ecuador". Synonymy by Rivero and Almendáriz C., 1992 "1991", Rev. Politécnica, Quito, 16: 106 (citing L. Coloma); Duellman and Wild, 1993, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 157: 1–53.

Epipedobates bicolorRivero and Almendáriz C., 1992 "1991", Rev. Politécnica, Quito, 16: 106. Error for Epipedobates tricolor.

Ameerega tricolorFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 130, by implication.

Common Names

Phantasmal Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 26; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 50).

Phantasmal Poison-arrow Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 50).

Anthony's Poison-arrow Frog (Dendrobates anthonyi [no longer recognized]: Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 48).

Distribution

Andean slopes of Bolivar Province, central Ecuador, ca. 1000–1769 elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ecuador

Endemic: Ecuador

Comment

Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogs: 413–416, provided an account and noted that almost all literature under the name of Epipedobates tricolor is actually based on Epipedobates anthonyi. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Epipedobates tricolor) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 231. López-Hervas, Santos, Ron, Betancourth-Cundar, Cannatella, and Tarvin, 2024, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 195(108065): 1–24, reported on molecular phylogenetics. 

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