Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Andinobates opisthomelas (Boulenger, 1899)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Dendrobatinae > Genus: Andinobates > Species: Andinobates opisthomelas

Dendrobates opisthomelas Boulenger, 1899, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 3: 275. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.15.21-34 (originally numbered 1898.10.27.14-22 according to museum records); BMNH 1947.2.15.29 designated lectotype by Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 32. Type locality: "Santa Inés, N. of Medellin, [Departamento Antioquia,] Republic of Colombia, altitude 3800 feet [1160 m]".

Ranitomeya opisthomelas — Anonymous, 1985, Ripa, Netherlands, April: 2, by implication.

Minyobates opisthomelas — Myers, 1987, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 36: 304.

Dendrobates opisthomelas — Jungfer, Lötters, and Jörgens, 2000, Herpetofauna, Weinstadt, 22: 11, by implication.

Ranitomeya opisthomelas — Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 171.

Andinobates opisthomelas —Twomey, Brown, Amézquita, and Mejía-Vargas In Brown, Twomey, Amézquita, Souza, Caldwell, Lötters, von May, Melo-Sampaio, Mejía-Vargas, Pérez-Peña, Pepper, Poelman, Sanchez-Rodriguez, and Summers, 2011, Zootaxa, 3083: 36.

Common Names

Andean Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 26; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 51).

Andean Poison-arrow Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 49).

Distribution

Northern Cordillera Occidental and Central of Colombia (Córdoba and Antioquia) to the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central in Caldas, Colombia, 530–2200 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia

Endemic: Colombia

Comment

See account by Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 30-31, where comparative larval and adult morphology and natural history were provided. Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogsezembed: 454-457, provided an account and placed this species in their Ranitomeya minuta group. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Dendrobates opithomelas) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 229. In the Andinobates bombetes species group of Brown, Twomey, Amézquita, Souza, Caldwell, Lötters, von May, Melo-Sampaio, Mejía-Vargas, Pérez-Peña, Pepper, Poelman, Sanchez-Rodriguez, and Summers, 2011, Zootaxa, 3083: 36. Some records for Antioquia, Colombia, may be assignable to the recently named Andinobates cassidyhornae. Romero-Martínez, Vidal-Pastrana, Lynch, and Dueñas, 2008, Caldasia, 30: 209–229, discussed the population on Cerro Murrucucú, Córdoba, Colombia.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.