Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phyllobates bicolor Bibron, 1840

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Dendrobatinae > Genus: Phyllobates > Species: Phyllobates bicolor

Phyllobates bicolor Bibron in De la Sagra, 1840, Hist. Fis. Polit. Nat. Cuba, 8 (Atlas Zool.): pl. 29bis, description by indication. Holotype: animal figured in illustration, presumably MNHNP 838.

Phyllobates bicolor Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 638. Holotype: MNHNP 838 according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 34. Type locality: "l'île de Cuba"; corrected to Colombia by Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 23. Placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Anonymous, 2009, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 66: 103-105.

Phyllobates melanorrhinus Berthold, 1845, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 1845: 43. Syntypes: Including ZFMK 28126-27, 28129-31, and AMNH 140864 (formerly ZFMK 28128); ZFMK 28130 designated lectotype by Myers and Böhme, 1996, Am. Mus. Novit., 3185: 5. Type locality: "Neu-Granada .... Provinz Popayan"; clarified by Myers and Böhme, 1996, Am. Mus. Novit., 3185: 17, to "Pacific versant northwestern Colombia, probably upper Río San Juan drainage in the present-day Department of Risaralda" western Colombia. Synonymy by Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 36. Myers and Böhme, 1996, Am. Mus. Novit., 3185: 1-20, discussed synonymy.

Phyllobates chocoensis Posada Arango, 1869, Bull. Soc. Med. Allemande Paris, 1869: 206. Types: Not stated, although likely originally in MNHNP. Type locality: "forets de la Nouvelle-Grenade . . . . Chocó". Synonymy (with Dendrobates histrionicus) by Boulenger, 1913, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913: 1028. Synonymy (with Phyllobates pictus) by Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 11. Synonymy with Phyllobates bicolor by Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 23-24.

Dendrobates tinctorius var. chocoensis — Boulenger, 1913, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913: 1028; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 26-28.

Phyllobates nicefori Noble, 1923, Am. Mus. Novit., 88: 1. Holotype: AMNH 14028, by original designation. Type locality: "town of Andes [Antioquia], Colombia, South America .... probably in the vicinity of Medellin". Synonymy by Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 36.

Phyllobates melanorhinus — Gorham, 1963, Canad. Field Nat., 77: 25.

Common Names

Two-toned Arrow-poison Frog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 84).

Black-legged Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 28; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 51).

Two-toned Poison Frog (CITES).

Distribution

Endemic to Colombia. Western flank of the northern part of the Cordillera Occidental, 400-1500m, northwestern Colombia (Chocó, Valle del Cauca, and Risaralda,).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia

Endemic: Colombia

Comment

See Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 161: 328. See Lötters, Castro-Herrera, Köhler, and Richter, 1997, Rev. Fr. Aquar. Herpetol., 24: 55-58. Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogs: 421-425, provided an account. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 614. González-Santoro, Palacios-Rodríguez, Hernández-Restrepo, Mejía-Vargas, and Amézquita, 2022, Zootaxa, 5100: 145–150, described the advertisement and courtship calls from a population found in Santa Cecilia, Risaralda, Colombia, and discussed previous literature. Amézquita, Vargas-Salinas, Ramos, Palacios-Rodríguez, Salazar, Quiroz, Bolívar-García, Galindo-Uribe, and Mazariegos-H., 2024, ZooKeys, 1212: 217–240, reported on molecular phylogenetics and provided a dot map of the distribution.

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