Phyllobates lugubris (Schmidt, 1857)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Dendrobatinae > Genus: Phyllobates > Species: Phyllobates lugubris

Dendrobates lugubris Schmidt, 1857, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 24: 12. Holotype: KM 1016/1347, lost, according to Savage, 1970, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 38: 279. Type locality: "Neu-Granada"; restricted to "der Weg zwischen Bocca del toro und dem Vulcan Chiriqui [Panama]. . . zwischen 5000′ und 7000′ Höhe" by Schmidt, 1858, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 14: 249.

Hylaplesia lugubrisBrocchi, 1882, Miss. Scient. Mex. Amer. Centr., Rech. Zool., 3(2, livr. 2): 88.

Dendrobates lugubrisWerner, 1901, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 51: 631.

Phyllobates beatriciae Barbour and Dunn, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 34: 159. Holotype: MCZ 8022, by original designation. Type locality: "wooded hill back of Victoria farm near Zent not far from Puerto Limon, [Cantón de Matina, Provincia de Limón,] Costa Rica". Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 111, commented on the type locality. Synonymy by Dunn, 1924, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 151: 5; Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 640.

Phyllobates lugubrisDunn, 1924, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 151: 5; Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 640; Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 5.

Dendrobates lugubrisDunn, 1940, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 92: 110.

Common Names

Lovely Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 28; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 51).

Lovely Poison-arrow Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 50).

Distribution

Humid lowlands of the Atlantic versant from extreme southeastern Nicaragua to northwestern Panama; one record just west of the Panama Canal, below 600 m in elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama

Comment

See account by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 763-766; Pacific versant populations formerly associated with this species now regarded as a distinct species, Phyllobates vittatus. See accounts by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 389-390, and Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogs: 426-430. See Ibáñez D., Jaramillo, and Solís, 1994, Herpetol. Rev., 25: 161, for record in Panamá Province, Panama. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189-202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 137–138, provided compared the species of Phyllobates in Central America and provided a map and photograph of this species. Martínez-Fonseca, Holmes, Sunyer, Westeen, Grundler, Cerda, Fernández-Mena, Loza-Molina, Monagan, Nondorf, Pandelis, and Rabosky, 2024, Check List, 20: 70, provided and discussed a record from Refugio Bartola, Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua, 60 m elevation. Amézquita, Vargas-Salinas, Ramos, Palacios-Rodríguez, Salazar, Quiroz, Bolívar-García, Galindo-Uribe, and Mazariegos-H., 2024, ZooKeys, 1212: 217–240, reported on molecular phylogenetics and provided a dot map of the distribution. 

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