Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pithecopus megacephalus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Phyllomedusinae > Genus: Pithecopus > Species: Pithecopus megacephalus

Bradymedusa megacephala Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 104. Holotype: MNRJ 257, according to Miranda-Ribeiro, 1955, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 410. Type locality: "Brasil—Rio de Janeiro?".

Phyllomedusa megacephala — Brandão, 2002, J. Herpetol., 36: 577.

Pithecopus megacephalus — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 32.

Common Names

Large-headed Leaf Frog (Eterovick and Sazima, 2004, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 61).

Distribution

Isolated populations at elevations above 800 m in the peaks of the Espinaço Mountain range (e.g., Serra do Cabral, Serra Meridional, Serra Setentrional) and Serra de Cipó, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis by Brandão, 2002, J. Herpetol., 36: 577 (although Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 17, had doubted the synonymy), where it had been placed by Lutz and Lutz, 1939, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 11: 219, and who noted that other specimens associated with this name (such as from the Serra do Cipó reported by Eterovick and Sazima, 2004, Anf. Serra do Cipó) are not conspecific with the holotype. In the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 117, Caramaschi, 2006, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 64: 159-179 (who provided an account, discussed the holotype, and disagreed with Brandão, 2002, regarding the identity of specimens from the Serra de Cipó in Minas Gerais), and Faivovich, Haddad, Baêta, Jungfer, Álvares, Brandão, Sheil, Barrientos, Barrio-Amorós, Cruz, and Wheeler, 2010, Cladistics, 26: 259. Eterovick and Sazima, 2004, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 61-62, provided a photograph and brief account. Ramos, Magalhães, Sari, Rosa, Garcia, and Santos, 2018, Conserv. Genetics, 19: 99–110, reported on the conservation genetics and the isolated montane populations of this species. Lima, Carmo, Souza, Kalapothakis, and Eterovick, 2020, MtDNA, Part B, 5: 388–389, reported on the mtDNA genome. Röhr, Camurugi, Paterno, Gehara, Juncá, Álvares, Brandão, and Garda, 2020, Canad. J. Zool., 98: 495–504, reported on the evolution and causes of variability of advertisement call. Eterovick, Souza, and Sazima, 2020, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 1–292, provided an account, life history information, and an identification scheme for the Serra de Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.