Pseudis limellum (Cope, 1862)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Genus: Pseudis > Species: Pseudis limellum

Lysapsus limellum Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 155. Holotype: "Mus. Smithsonian [USNM] (No. 5495)"; now lost according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 197. Type locality: "Paraguay. Taken on _____ river". Corrected to Río Curumba, Paraguay [= Corumbá, on Rio Paraguai, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil] by Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 351.

Hyla quadrilineata Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 262. Nomen nudum. Coined as a synonym of Lysapsus limellum and attributed to Natterer.

Podonectes palmatus Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 262. Nomen nudum provided originally as a synonym of Pseudis minuta and attributed to Fitzinger. (Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 194, placed Podonectes palmatus in the synonymy of Lysapsus limellum based on examination of Steindachner's illustrations, specimens of Lysapsus limellum Cope, which must be considered to be types.)

Lisapsus limellum — Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 50. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Pseudis limellum — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 187; Berg, 1896, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, 5: 161; Aguiar, Bacci, Lima, Rossa-Feres, Haddad, and Recco-Pimentel, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 462; Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5:440; Caballero-Gini, Brusquetti, Bueno-Villafañe, Quinteros-Muñoz, Jairam, Rodrigues, Haddad, Fernández Ríos, and Baldo, 2024, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 202: 1–13.

Lysapsus limellus — Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 194; Incorrect subsequent spelling of the species name, a noun in apposition.

Lysapsus limellus limellus — Gallardo, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 125: 126.

Common Names

Uruguay Harlequin Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 97).

Distribution

Extreme northwestern Uruguay, Paraguay, southeastern to north-western Bolivia, and northern Argentina, and throughout the Paraná and Amazon River basins of Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

Comment

Tadpole morphology described by Kehr and Basso, 1990, Copeia, 1990: 573–575. See comment by De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 51-52, who discussed taxonomic confusion in Bolivia and the likelihood of this nominal species being a composite. Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 36, provided a brief account and photograph for the Uruguay population. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 10, briefly discussed the range in Paraguay. Vera Candioti, 2007, Zootaxa, 1600: 1–175, reported on detailed larval morphology. Garda, Santana, and São Pedro, 2010, Zootaxa, 2666: 1-28, reported on morphology, morphometrics, and range of the species in Brazil, including a dot map. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range; presumably these specimens have been reidentified. Santana, Queiroz, Wanderley, São Pedro, Leite, and Garda, 2013, Amphibia-Reptilia, 34: 201–215, reported on tadpole morphology and advertisement call. Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 69, provided a brief account, image, and dot map for Paraguay. Affonso, Cafofo, Delariva, Karling, and Lourenço-de-Moraes, 2014, Check List, 10: 878–882, provided a record for the state of Paraná, Brazil. See account by Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira, 2019, in Maneyro, Langone, and Carreira (eds.), Libro Rojo Anf. Rept. Uruguay: 59–63, for Uruguay. Laufer, Gobel, Kacevas, Lado, Cortizas, Carabio, Arrieta, Prigioni, Borteiro, and Kolenc, 2021, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 15 (2: e290): 228–237, provided new records for Uruguay and discussed conservation status. Caballero-Gini, Brusquetti, Bueno-Villafañe, Quinteros-Muñoz, Jairam, Rodrigues, Haddad, Fernández Ríos, and Baldo, 2024, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 202: 1–13, reported on molecular phylogenetics, placed this species in their Pseudis limellum clade, and provided a polygon range map. Ocampo, Aparicio, Bernal Hoverud, Domic, and Wallace, 2024, Herpetol. Notes, 17: 371–389, reported the species (as Lysapsus limellum) and its habitat in Madidi National Park, La Paz, Bolivia. Rivas, Wallace, and Callapa, 2025, Reptiles & Amphibians, 32(e21473): 1–10, reported the species (as Lysapsus limellum) from the Great Tectonic Lakes of Exaltación region, Beni, Bolivia. Ferraro and Bonino, 2025, Rev. Latinoam. Herpetol., 8: 170–191, provided a dot map for Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Costa, Muller, Silva Alves Saccol, and Santos, 2026, Check List, 22: 237–241, reported the first specimens from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 41 years, and provided an update dot map of the distribution of the species. Núñez, Zárate-Betzel, Ortíz, Salinas, Piris da Motta, Mendoza, and Duré, 2026, Rev. Soc. Cient. Paraguay, 31(e3101): 1–12, reported briefly on the distribution in wetlands within the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay. Verrastro and Borges-Martins, 2025, Anf. Rept. Pampa, 2: 61, provided a brief account, photograph, and dot distribution map for the Pampa biome in Brazil (as well as adjacent areas of Uruguay and Argentina).

  

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